Question

telophase of mitosis vs telophase of meiosis

Answer 1

Telophase is the final stage in cell division. During telophase, the nuclear envelopes reform around the new nuclei in each half of the dividing cell. The nucleolus, or ribosome producing portions of the nucleus return. As the cell has finished moving the chromosomes, the main parts of the spindle apparatus fall depolymerize, or fall apart. As telophase moves towards completion, the chromosomes release from their tightly bound structure back into loose chromatin. Telophase is ended by a process known as cytokinesis, which cleaves the cell into two new cells.



Telophase begins as anaphase ends. During anaphase, the chromosomes or chromatids on the metaphase plate are separated, and dragged towards opposite poles. When the chromosomes reach the pole for which they are intended, telophase can begin. In order to allow the new cells to begin producing the necessary proteins and to protect the DNA, a nucleus must reform in each cell. The process for how this happens is still in theory. One theory suggests that the pieces of the nuclear envelope reform like monomers of a larger polymer that must be activated to form. In this theory, each vesicle of broken down nuclear membrane receives a signal to connect to the other vesicles. The other theory suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum, with the old nuclear membrane processed within it, fold around the bundled chromosomes. Either way, the nuclear envelope is reformed around each nucleus.

Once this nuclear envelope is reformed, the chromosomes in the nucleus can begin to unwind back into chromatin and the nucleolus can reform. The nucleolus is a dense complex of enzymes, RNA, and DNA, which creates ribosomes. Ribosomes are the small protein structures that create many types of protein. Once this complex is reformed in the new nuclei during telophase, the cells (still attached) can begin producing proteins from the newly synthesized genetic code. The final step in telophase is for the complex array of microtubules to degrade.

Microtubules are formed from two different subunits, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, as seen in the picture below. These monomers combine together to create tubulin dimers. The dimers combine together to form much larger tubes, which form the structure of most cellular forms. During telophase, cellular signals are given out which tell certain spindle microtubules to disassociate from each other. The dimers break apart, and the entire structure falls to pieces. Other microtubules, which will function during cytokinesis, stay intact.

Answer 2

*Telophase-; This is considered to be long and complex phase like prophase the final stage of mitosis. At the onset of this stage, the spindle fibres disappear (absorbed in cytoplasm). The chromosomes decondense and hrther lose their individuality after reaching their respective poles.

In general terms, the events of prophase occur just io reverse sequence during this phase. Now, the individual chromosome cannot be seer and the chromatin material gets collected in the form of mass in both opposite poles. Thus, following changes are obsewed during telophase

(a) The chromosomes gradually uncoil and cluster at opposite spindle poles. Thus, their individual identity as discrete elements is lost.

(b) Nuclear envelope Slowly reformes around the chromosomes.

(c) Reappearance of nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER also takes place.

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