Temperature and type of combustion in various zones of a candle flame
Answers
1. Dark zone: The dark zone is the area around the wick of the candle flame that consists of unburnt wax vapour. When you ignite the candle, the molten wax moves up (due to a phenomena called the capillary action) and vaporizes around the wick creating a dark zone. This part is 'dark' because of the decomposed carbon particles formed due to vaporization. Also, it is the least hottest of all the four zones.
2. Luminous zone: This part of the flame is the region where incomplete combustion takes place and a lot of heat is generated. In this zone, the molten wax particles further vaporize in the presence of wax and vapor particles. This zone is present near the base of the flame. This part of the candle flame is typified by a yellowish flame.
3.Non-Luminous zone: The non-luminous zone is the region of complete combustion. If you look at a candle flame closely (just don't go too close), you will see an 'aura' formed around the candle. Since this is the zone of complete combsution (as there is plenty of oxygen present around the candle), it is also the hottest part of the flame.
4. Blue zone: Just at the base of the flame you will observe a 'bluish hue'. This is due to the incomplete burning of carbon dioxide resulting in the formation of carbon monoxide.
Zone 1 (Non-Luminous Zone) - Fuel on the wick evaporates. There is insufficient oxygen for fuel to burn. Temperature is about 600°C near the wick.
Zone 2 (Blue Zone) - There is a surplus of oxygen and the flame burns clean and blue. Temperature is around 800°C. In a candle the heat from this zone melts nearby wax to allow for wicking.
Zone 3 (Dark Zone) - Pyrolysis (cracking) of the fuel begins due to the shortage of oxygen creating minute carbon particles. The temperature is about 1,000°C.
Zone 4 (Luminous Zone) - This area is bright yellow. There is still insufficient oxygen for complete burning so pyrolysis continues and larger carbon particles are produced. The temperature is around 1,200°C.
Answer:
a flame has 4zones in it :-
a)the outermost thin faint blush non luminus region of complete combustion . it is the hottest zone of tge flame .
b)the middle bright luminous zone of partial combustion . it is the moderately hot zone .
c)the innermost , coldest dark zone , consists of hot vapour and called as zone of no combustion .
d)blue zone near the bottom of flame is due to burning of carbon monoxide . carbon is formed due to incomplete combustion .
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