test.the.given.sample.of.urine.for.sugar.and.albumin.and.make.note.on.its.clinical.siginificance
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Answer:
Aim
To perform a test to detect the presence or absence of sugar/glucose in a sample of urine.
Theory
The following are the important properties of urine:
Urine has a light-yellowish colour, imparted by urochrome.
The pH of urine lies between 4.6-8.
Organic compounds like urea, creatinine and uric acid are generally found in urine.
Some inorganic compounds present in urine are sulphates, phosphates, sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
In abnormal conditions, there may also be a sugar trace in urine, in addition to proteins, ketone bodies, blood and bile.
In case glucose is detected in blood, the patient may have a condition called diabetes mellitus.
The urine glucose test performed to detect sugar presence in urine can be done using the following two methods.
Benedict’s Test
Fehling’s Test
Benedict’s test employs Benedict’s solution as a reagent. It is a mixture of sodium citrate, copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and sodium carbonate. On the other hand, Fehling’s test employs two reagents. These are:
Fehling's Solution A: An aqueous blue solution of copper sulphate.
Fehling's Solution B: An aqueous and colourless solution of sodium potassium tartrate.
When a sample of urine is boiled with these reagents, the glucose present in the sample reduces the copper sulphate in Fehling’s solution and Benedict’s solution. This changes the colour of the solution. Depending on the levels of glucose in the solution, the colours vary from brick-red, green to yellow precipitates.