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Plants are classified based on many criteria and one such classification is the presence or absence of a vascular system. Essentially, a vascular plant has specialized features that help it to absorb water and minerals from the soil. These include special tissues such as xylem and phloem.
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem and Phloem are two different types of vascular tissues, which are mainly involved in the transportation process. These tissues form a vascular bundle and these work together as a unit. The movement of xylem is unidirectional, while the movement of phloem is bidirectional.
Let us explore the major differences between xylem and phloem in detail.
Food, nutrients, water, minerals are transported from roots to leaves by two types of vascular tissues, viz, xylem and phloem.
Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plants, with the help of tracheids and vessels. These Xylem tissues are also known as tracheary elements.
Cells of tracheids and vessels die at maturity, they have lignified walls, and they are present in primary as well as secondary Xylem. Below are some major differences between tracheids and vessels.
Tracheids vs Vessels
Following are the important difference between tracheids and vessels:
TracheidsVesselsPresenceIn all vascular plantsIn angiospermsType of cellsImperforatedPerforatedCell wallThinThickConnectionLateralEnd to endCross sectionPolygonalCircularWater conductionInefficientVery efficientLumenNarrowWideCell length1 mm10 cmSurface to volume ratioHighLowEnd wallsTapering
Transverse or diagonal
PitsLess large pitsLarge small pits
What are Tracheids?
Tracheids are present in the xylem of angiosperms. They are conducting elements. They are also found in gymnosperms and ferns. Tracheid cells have pointed ends.
The tracheids become highly lignified on thickening of the secondary cell wall and become dead. Tracheids also provide mechanical support to the plants. They can also hold water against the force of gravity due to high surface area to volume ratio.
What are Vessels?
Vessels are present only in angiosperms. They help in conducting water and minerals in the plants. After secondary cell wall thickening and lignification, dead and tubular cells are formed. These vessels do not contain protoplasm on maturity.