Question

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Explain the working and construction of AC Generator

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Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

Construction of AC Generator

The simple AC generator has two main parts – Rotor and Stator. The rotor is a rotating component and the stationary part of a machine is a stator.

Stator

The stator is a stationary component that efficiently holds armature winding. The armature winding purpose is to carry current to the load and the load can be any external equipment that consumes electrical power. It consists of three main parts:

Stator Frame – It is an outer frame that is used to hold stator core as well as armature windings.

Stator Core – It is laminated with steel or iron to reduce eddy current losses. Slots are made on the interior part of a core to hold armature windings.

Armature Windings – Armature windings are wound on the slots of armature core.

Rotor

The rotor is a rotating part of an AC generator. It consists of magnetic field windings. DC supply is used to magnetize magnetic poles. Each end of magnetic field windings is attached to slip rings. This combination is connected to a common shaft on which the rotor rotates. The two types of the rotor are salient pole rotor and cylindrical pole rotor.

Salient Pole Rotor

The salient pole rotor type is shown in the figure below. In this type of rotor, the number of poles gets projected, known as salient poles with their bases pinned to the rotor can be observed. They are used in low and medium speed applications.

Cylindrical Pole Rotor

Cylindrical type rotors consist of an unruffled and robust cylinder with slots arranged on the outer surface of a cylinder. It is used in high-speed applications. The diagram of the cylindrical pole rotor is shown below.

Answer 2

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Meaning:

⇢ AC generator, also known as alternators, is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Principle:

⇢ AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction which states that electromotive force -EMF or voltage – is generated in a current-carrying conductor that cuts a uniform magnetic field.

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★ Construction of AC generator

Electric motor consists of following main parts :

1. Field magnets:

→ It produces a strong M.F in region between its pole pieces.

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⠀⠀2. Armature:

→ It consists of rectangular coil having a large number of turns of insulated copper wire over soft iron core.

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⠀⠀3. Split rings:

→ The two ends of the armature coil are connected with two brass rings called slip rings. They are used to rotate the coil.

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⠀⠀4. Brushes:

→ Two carbon brushes are lightly pressed against the two slip rings.

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★ Working of AC generator

As the armature coil rotates the magnetic flux linked with it changes so an induced current flows through it.

According to Fleming's right hand rule induced current flows from A to B and C to D. So during half rotation of the coil induced current flows in the direction ABCD with brush 1 acting as positive terminal and brush 2 acting as negative terminal.

During the second half rotation the side AB moves downwards and side CD moves upward.

According to fleming's right hand rule current flows from B to A and D to C. So during half rotation of the coil current flows in the direction BADC with B2 positive and B1 negative.

Thus the direction of current in external circuit is reversed at every half cycle.

† Hence alternate current is produced by the generator so it is called as AC generator.

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