Question

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Light has no mass so it also has no energy according to Einstein, but how can sunlight warm the earth without energy?

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Answer 1

Light indeed carries energy and accomplishes this without having any mass. The Einstein equation that you are probably referring to is E = mc2. This equation is actually a special case of the more general equation:
E2 = p2c2 + m2c4

In the above equation, E is the total energy of the particle, p is the momentum of the particle (which is related to its motion), c is the speed of light, and m is the mass of the particle. This equation can be derived from the relativistic definitions of the energy and momentum of a particle. The above equation tells us that the total energy of a particle is a combination of its mass energy and its momentum energy (which is not necessarily related to its mass). When a particle is at rest (p = 0), this general equation reduces down to the familiar E = mc2. In contrast, for a particle with no mass (m = 0), the general equation reduces down to E = pc. Since photons (particles of light) have no mass, they must obey E = pc and therefore get all of their energy from their momentum.

Since photons (particles of light) have no mass, they must obey E = pc and therefore get all of their energy from their momentum. If a particle has no mass (m = 0) and is at rest (p = 0), then the total energy is zero (E = 0). But an object with zero energy and zero mass is nothing at all.

Answer 2

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Light has no rest mass means when light is not traveling it has no mass ,but traveling light has mass by the theory of relativity.

By the way,light is the buddle packets of energy having frequency nu ,energy hnu called photons.

Light has energy due to its momentum not because of its mass.

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