Question

${\huge {\blue {\underline {\underline {\mathcal {QuEstioN⤵}}}}}}$ $\: \: \:$$\: \: \:$write limitations of octet rule..$\: \: \:$
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Answer 1

Answer:

There are mainly three limitations of the octet rule:

The incomplete octet of the central atom

Any bond is not completely ionic or completely covalent, when the octet rule is applied to some molecules which have almost equal ionic and covalent characteristics, this rule fails.

For example: In some polyatomic molecules like LiCl, BeH2 and BCl3, the number of electrons surrounding the central atom is less than eight. Li, Be and B have 1,2 and 3 valence electrons only. This is especially the case with elements having less than four electrons in their valence shell. Examples of other such compounds are AlCl3 and BF3.

Odd-electron molecules

Molecules having an odd number of electrons like nitric oxide, NO and nitrogen dioxide, NO2, do not satisfy the octet rule for all the atoms.

The expanded atom

Elements in the third period of the periodic table and beyond have 3d orbitals, (apart from 3s and 3p orbital) available for bonding. As we know that the atom will be stable when the outermost shell is completely filled. In this case (4th period) the completely filled outermost shell can accommodate 18 e–. Numerous compounds of these elements have more than eight valence electrons around the central atom. This is termed as the expanded octet. Some examples of such compounds are: PF5, SF6, H2SO4 and a number of coordination compounds.

Answer 2

Answer:

The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. ... The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

Explanation:

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