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⏩Science⏪
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What is myelin?? How are myelinated neurons different ?​
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Answer 1

What is myelin?

Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

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How are myelinated neurons different ?​

The main difference between these two types of neurons is the speed of conduction of impulse.Majority of the neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system are myelinated since they require fast conduction speeds. A neuron with unmyelinated axon has a comparatively lower speed of conduction of the nerve signals.

Answer 2

Explanation:

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♡ ↪Myelination during development and after demyelination demands an extremely high synthesis rate of myelin proteins and lipids within a short period of time. To accomplish this precisely regulated task, the myelination process is guided by the coordinated expression of genes that encode myelin components.185 The principal control of the system is governed by transcription factors. Some of these are present ubiquitously in many cell types, including Schwann cells, whereas others are more specifically expressed. Together, these factors are responsible for the cell type–specific and differentiation stage–specific gene expression, including the regulation of myelination.197 In addition to the pivotal roles of transcription factors in orchestrating the myelination process, additional regulation at the posttranscriptional level by altering mRNA stability is likely, but this possibility has not yet been thoroughly explored experimentally in the PNS. Recent evidence suggests a particularly important role for the close interaction between neurons (axons) and the ensheathing Schwann cells in the regulatory network governing myelination.104,157 This finding may be part of the reason why the use of transcription factors by Schwann cells is quite different from that by oligodendrocytes, the myelinating counterpart in the CNS.197

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