Question

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Only for 12th

Why tertiary alcohol not give reaction with copper while primary and secondary alcohol can give ?


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Answer 1

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Why tertiary alcohol not give reaction with copper while primary and secondary alcohol can give ?

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Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be distinguished by

●Oxidation method :

Primary alcohols gives carboxylic acids containing same number of C atoms.

On vigorous oxidation, secondary and tertiary alcohols give carboxylic acids with less number of C atoms.

●Lucas test:

It is based on the difference in three types of alcohols towards Lucas reagent at room temperature.

●Victor Meyer's method:

It is based on the difference in three types of nitroalkanes

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Tertiary alcohol when reacted with copper catalyst at 573K are not dehydrogenated but undergoes dehydration to give the corresponding alkene

Reaction of alcohol and copper :-

→The reaction of alcohol and copper ends up in the dehydrogenation of it.

→The reaction of the alcohol depends upon the form of alcohol.

→It will give different products depending upon whether the alcohol is primary, secondary or tertiary.

→Primary alcohol form aldehydes when it goes into the reaction of dehydrogenation.

→Mostly alcoholic vapors reacts with copper or any other thing.

Answer 2

Tertiary alcohol doesn't give reaction with copper for the following reasons.

• The primary alcohols give reaction with copper to form aldehydes.
• The secondary alcohols give reaction with copper to form ketones or aldehydes.
• The tertiary alcohols are less reactive than the primary and secondary alcohols because the oxygen atom in the alcohol imposes a negative Inductive effect (I-effect).
• Because of the I-effect, the oxygen atoms pull all the electrons towards it due to high electronegativity.
• Thus, a slight positive charge develops on the central carbon atom.