Question

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Give reasons to the following:-

1. Left to right in a period, size decreases gradually but at last in the zero group it increases.

2. Top to bottom in the group, size increases.

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Answer 1

Solution :-

1)Left to right in a period, size decreases gradually but at last in the zero group it increases.

Ans:-From going left to right in period more and more electrons adds into the orbitals , but these electrons add only in present P or D orbital or subshell

so, It does not Increases the size of atom that is radius but due to these add-on electrons SHEILDING effect increases and attraction pull from nucleus also increases so the size of atom contracts as Attraction pull increases thus resulting in descrease in size of atoms!

2)Top to bottom in the group, size increases.

Ans:-

By going from Top to bottom in group the number of shell increses this increases the Radius of atom or the distance between the valence electron from the Nuclues of the atom.

So, due to these new orbitals K,L,M,N the size increases as the Radius Increases!

Hope it helps!