Question

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1. Write two uses of hydrochloric acid.

2. What is litmus?

3. Give two uses of sodium hydroxide.

4. Write two properties of bases.

5. What is acid rain ?










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Answer 1

Answer:

Ans 1 ) Hydrochloric acid is also used in the production of batteries, photoflash bulbs and fireworks. It's even used to process sugar and make gelatin. Hydrochloric acid, like last month's chlorine compound, sodium chloride, is another "workhorse" chemical because it is incredibly useful in a wide variety of ways.

Ans 2 ) Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity.

Ans 3 ) Sodium hydroxide is used in bar soaps and detergents. Sodium Hydroxide is also used as a drain cleaner to unclog pipes. Around 56% of sodium hydroxide produced is used by industry, with 25% of NaOH used in the paper industry.

Ans 4 ) the chemical properties of acids and bases.

1) Acids change the colour of litmus from blue to red.

2) They convert the colour of Methyl Orange from Orange/Yellow to Pink.

3) Acids turn the pink colour of Phenolphthalein to colourless.

4) Acids can conduct electricity.

5) Some Acids are highly corrosive in nature which means that they corrode or rust metals.

6) Acids tend to evolve hydrogen gas whilst reacting with an active metal such as Zn, Mg, etc.

7) They produce H+ ions when mixed with water.

8) Acids lose their acidity when mixed with a base.

9) When equal amounts of acid and base are combined the process of neutralization occurs and salt and water is formed,

The pH value of acid is from 0-6. Learn the concept of pH value here.

10) Acids are sour in taste.

11) Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

12) Extremely active metals such as Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), etc tend to explode when combined with acids.

13) Weak Acids like Carbonic Acid doesn’t act with any metal at all.

14) Nitric Acids doesn’t usually exhibit acidic properties, it exhibits oxidizing properties instead.

15) Metals that generally react with dilute acid to form salt and hydrogen are the metals which lie above hydrogen in the metal activity series.

16) Acids form a salt, water and sulphur dioxide while reacting with sulphites and bisulphites.

17) Acids and metal sulphides form salt and hydrogen sulphide.

18) They are classified on the basis of their sources, strength, concentration, the presence of oxygen and its basicity.

19) The different types of acids are organic acids, mineral acids, strong acids, weak acids, concentrated acids, dilute acids, Oxy-acids, Hydracids, monobasic acids, dibasic acids, and tribasic acids.

Ans 5 ) Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions. Most water, including the water we drink, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5-8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4-5 on average.

Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

1. I) sugar processing

ii) gelatin production

2. A type of paper that changes colour in response to the acidity of the solution it is dipped in and can thus be used to measure acidity.

3. i) bar soaps

ii) detergents

4. I) Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.

ii) They are bitter in taste.

5. Acid Rain is defined as the precipitation of acid in the form of rain.

Step-by-step explanation:

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