Question

$\huge{\red{\tt Hey \: Guys}}$

Write a Paragraph on Human Genetics?

Word - limit is 100 - 150 words.

No spam!

Don't Copy paste from Google.

Thanks!​

Answer 1

HUMAN GENETICS

Study of genetic inheritance in humans in known as Human Genetics. It involves identification of chromosomes,proteins in the DNA and tracing the paths of inheritance

Inheritance patterns obey the Laws of Mendel

• Law of DOMINANCE
• Law of SEGREGATION
• Law of INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

History

For decades it was thought we were the only animals in the genus HOMO,but our DNA said otherwise. It was found that our DNA,is 4 percent Neanderthal. Scientific communities have given two popular hypothesis in wake of this:

Replacement Theory

• It is believed that we replaced the neanderthals through warfare and genocide,but this is highly unlikely as they are more bulker and stronger than us

Interbreeding Theory

• The other theory suggests interbreeding which explains why we have a mere part of our DNA related to theirs

Some Terms

Genome : Whole DNA of our body

• Every autosome relates to a particular trait. For instance,there is one chromosome responsible for our eye colour and another for our hair colour. There is a variation in every person due to the differently occurring chromosomes or to be precise genes.

• This variation depends on the environmental factors,parental genes etc

Dominant Trait

A trait with is seen in successive generations and is responsible for a certain genetic scheme in the organism.

Recessive Trait

Though it flows through successive generations,it is overshadowed by the other dominant trait. But it generally seen after every four generations

Gene

The structural and functional unit of all dna,it has all the life building proteins

Alleles

It is the copy of the gene

Determination

It a well known fact that human being have 23 pairs of genes;22 somatic pairs and one sex pair.

• Males have XY chromosome
• Females have XX chromosome

When Y chromosome of a male and X chromosome from the female fuse,a boy is given birth to while when a X chromosome from both the parents fuse,its a girl child.

Klinefelter Syndrome

Sometimes a XXY linkage leads to developement of feminine features in boys during puberty. It is marked by :

• Stunted Growth
• Poor development of male reproductive organs
• Certain female characteristics are seen

Genetic Diseases

• All X chromosomal diseases in the male child are maternal because the father only transmits Y chromosome while there are no Y chromosomal diseases in female child

• Genetic diseases have no treatment as of now but if these genes are identified in fetus condition,the gene can be replaced

Transcription

Producing a mRNA from DNA

Translation

Producing amino acids from the mRNA

Both the above mentioned processes constitute the Central Dogma of Biology,and study of genetics would be incomplete without them

Answer 2

$\huge\underline\mathfrak\blue{Answer-}$

It is the reproductive process, which originates the new Organisms. Both asexual and sexual reproductions are responsible for this phenomenon. Out of these, sexual reproduction creates maximum variations which became the raw materials for the evolutionary process. In asexually reproducing Organism, there is present a type of similarity by which they can't be differentiated easily. This is not case of sexual reproduction.

Now, the Question arises as how the characters are passed from one generation to other? This is possibly due to the gametes which act as a linkage in between two generations. All the aspects of the passage of characters from one to next generations are studied by a seperate branch of biology - The Genetics.

Now, what is Genetics?

$\implies$ It is a branch of biology which deals with the passage of characters from one generation to the another one with variations.

So, $\sf\boxed{Genetics=Heridity×Variations}$

Here, Heredity is the branch of Genetics dealing with only the passage of characters from one generation to the next one.

Whereas, Variations are the differences coming in the characters while passing from one to next generation. Due to the variations, the members of two generations are different from each other in shape, size and behaviour.

★Accumulation of variations during reproduction :

Variations arise during the process of reproduction, either it is asexual or sexual. The rate of their appearance is different. In asexual reproduction, the variations arise are very less, while these are more apparent in sexual reproduction. It is so in asexual reproduction, only DNA copying is present. In sexual reproduction, genetic exchange takes place. Also there occurs a mixing of paternal ( of father ) and maternal ( of mother ) genes occur. This results in greater diversity and hence variations with evolutions.

★Some terms used in genetics :

• $\bold\pink{Character-}$ It is well defined morphological or physiological feature of any individual. Example - height

• $\bold\pink{Traits-}$ It is distinguishable feature of any character. In other sense, it is the alternating form ( feature ) of any character which passes to next generation. Example - Tallness or dwarfness are traits of character ( height ).

• $\bold\pink{Genotype-}$ It is the genetic nake up ( constitution ) of any Organism. In other sense, it is the constitution of genes or factors in any Organism.

• $\bold\pink{Phenotype-}$ It is the effect of factors or genes in any Organism.

• $\bold\pink{Homozygotic\:Situation-}$ In this situation, the genetic constitution is same, that is, the types if genes or factors are same in any individual.

• $\bold\pink{Heterozygotic\:situation-}$ In this situation, the types of genes are different in any individual.

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