Question

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write the mechanism of acid dehydration ethanol to yield ethene​

Answer 1

Answer:

The mechanisms of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethene involves the following three steps.

Steps 1: Protonation of ethanol to form ethyl oxonium ion

Steps 2: Formation of carbocation (rate determining step)

Steps 3: Elimination of proton to form ethene

The acid consumed in step 1 is released in step 3. After the formation of ethene, it is removed to shift the equilibrium in forward direction.

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Answer 2

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Mechanism: The formation of ethylene and diethyl ether from ethanol and conc. H2SO4 may be explained as follows:

(a) Formation of ethene or ethylene:

Step 1. Due to the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on oxygen, alcohols act as weak bases. Therefore, they react with strong mineral acids (HCI, H2SO4 etc.) to form oxonium salts.

(Look at the pic)

Step 2. The presence of a positive charge on the highly electronegative oxygen atom weakens the C-O bond. Thus, the protonated ethanol readily eliminates a molecule of H20 to form ethyl carbocation.

(Look at the pic)

Step 3. (look at the pic)

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