Question

$\huge\underline\bold\pink{Question-}$

What is the principle of electric motor and electric generator ??
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Answer 1

principle of electric motor is it is based on the fact that a current carrying conductor placed perpendicular to the magnetic field experience a force .

principle of electric generator is it works on the principle of electromagnetic induction when the coil of electric generator rotates in a magnetic field induced current flow in the circuit connected with the coil

Answer 2

$\huge\textbf{\underline{Electric \: motor:}}$

ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ :

ᴀɴ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄ ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ ᴜᴛɪʟɪᴢᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ.ɪᴛ ᴡᴏʀᴋs ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴀ ʀᴇᴄᴛᴀɴɢᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɪs ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ɪs ᴘᴀssᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ɪᴛ ᴀ ᴛᴏʀǫᴜᴇ ᴀᴄᴛs ᴏɴ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇs ɪᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴜᴏᴜsʟʏ.ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ sʜᴀғᴛ ᴛᴏ ɪᴛ ᴀʟsᴏ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ sᴜᴘᴘʟɪᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ ɪs ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇʀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴍᴇᴄʜᴀɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ.

ᴡᴏʀᴋɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ :

ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ғʟᴏᴡs ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴄᴏɪʟ, ᴀʀᴍ ᴀʙ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴅ ᴇxᴘᴇʀɪᴇɴᴄᴇs ᴀ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғᴏʀᴄᴇ.ᴏɴ ᴀᴘᴘʟʏɪɴɢ ғʟᴇᴍɪɴɢ's ʟᴇғᴛ ʜᴀɴᴅ ʀᴜʟᴇ,ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʀᴄᴇ ᴀᴄᴛɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ᴀʀᴍ ᴘᴜsʜᴇs ɪᴛ ᴅᴏᴡɴᴡᴀʀᴅs ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴅ ᴇxᴘᴇʀɪᴇɴᴄᴇs ғᴏʀᴄᴇ ɪɴ ᴜᴘᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ғᴏʀᴄᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴇǫᴜᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴘᴘᴏsɪᴛᴇ.ᴛᴡᴏ ᴇǫᴜᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴘᴘᴏsɪᴛᴇ ғᴏʀᴄᴇs ᴀᴄᴛɪɴɢ ᴀᴛ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴀʀᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛᴇ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴜᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ғᴏʀᴄᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɪɴ ᴀɴᴛɪᴄʟᴏᴄᴋᴡɪsᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.ᴀᴛ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ǫ ᴍᴀᴋᴇs ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀᴄᴛ ᴡɪᴛʜ ʙʀᴜsʜ x ᴀɴᴅ ᴘ ᴍᴀᴋᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜ ʏ.ɴᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ғʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɢᴇᴛs ʀᴇᴠᴇʀsᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ғʟᴏᴡs ᴀʟᴏɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀᴛʜ ᴅᴄʙᴀ.ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍ ᴀʙ ᴏғ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇʀ ᴘᴜsʜᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ɪs ɴᴏᴡ ᴘᴜsʜᴇᴅ ᴜᴘ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʀᴍ ᴄᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴀs ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇʀ ᴘᴜsʜᴇD ᴜᴘ ɪs ɴᴏᴡ ᴘᴜsʜᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴ.ɴᴏᴡ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴍᴏᴠᴇs ɪɴ ᴄʟᴏᴄᴋ ᴡɪsᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴠᴇʀsɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ɪs ʀᴇᴘᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ʜᴀʟғ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ,ɢɪᴠɪɴɢ ʀɪsᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴜᴏᴜs ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀxʟᴇ.

ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ, ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ɪs ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇʀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛʀᴏ ᴍᴇᴄʜᴀɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ.

$\huge\textbf{\underline{Electric\: generator:}}$

ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ :

(ᴀᴄ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ) ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴄʜᴀɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ɪs ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏʀ ɪɴ ᴀɴ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄɪᴛʏ.ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴏᴛʀ ᴡᴏʀᴋs ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴀ ᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɪs ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴜɴɪғᴏʀᴍ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ɪᴛs ᴀxɪs ᴘᴇʀᴘᴇɴᴅɪᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ,ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʟᴇᴅ ʟɪɴᴇs ᴘᴀssɪɴɢ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀɴ ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ᴇᴍғ ɪs sᴇᴛ ᴜᴘ.ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ʙᴇʜɪɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ ɪs ʙᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ғʟᴇᴍɪɴɢ's ʀɪɢʜᴛ ʜᴀɴᴅ ʀᴜʟᴇ.

ᴡᴏʀᴋɪɴɢ :

• ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɪs ɪɴ ʜᴏʀɪᴢᴏɴᴛᴀʟ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴏɴ.

• ɴᴏᴡ,ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ɪs ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴄʟᴏᴄᴋᴡɪsᴇ.

• ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍ ᴍᴏᴠᴇs ᴜᴘᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴᴡᴀʀᴅs.

• ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɪʟ ᴄᴜᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ғɪᴇʟᴅ ʟɪɴᴇs ᴏғ ғᴏʀᴄᴇ.

• ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ғʟᴇᴍɪɴɢ's ʀɪɢʜᴛ ʜᴀɴᴅ ʀᴜʟᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ғʟᴏᴡs ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴀ ᴛᴏ ʙ ɪɴ ᴀʀᴍ ᴀʙ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴅ.

• ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ғʟᴏᴡs ғʀᴏᴍ ʙʀᴜsʜᴇs(ɪ.ᴇ. ʙ2 ᴛᴏ ʙ1)

• ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ʜᴀʟғ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴍ ᴄᴅ ᴍᴏᴠᴇs ᴜᴘᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʀᴍ ᴀʙ ᴍᴏᴠᴇs ᴅᴏᴡɴᴡᴀʀᴅs.ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴇᴅ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ɴᴏᴡ ғʟᴏᴡs ɪɴ ʀᴇᴠᴇʀsᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.

• ᴛʜᴜs ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ᴄɪʀᴄᴜɪᴛ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇs ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏ ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.sᴜᴄʜ ᴀ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇs ɪᴛs ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴇǫᴜᴀʟ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴠᴀʟs ᴏғ ᴛɪᴍᴇ ɪs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀʟᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜɪs ᴅᴇᴠɪᴄᴇ ɪs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀʟᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ(ᴀ.ᴄ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ).

ɴᴏᴛᴇ : ᴅᴄ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛᴏʀ ʜᴀs sᴘʟɪᴛ ʀɪɴɢs ɪɴsᴛᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ sʟɪᴘ ʀɪɴɢs.