Question

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Answer 1

The rutherford's experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists discovered that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated. They deduced this by measuring how an alpha particle beam is scattered when it strikes a thin metal foil.

Atomic structure refers to the structure of atom comprising of a nucleus (center) in which the protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral) are present. The negatively charged particles called electrons revolve around the center of the nucleus.

See structure in pic.

Answer 2

Rutherford's Atomic Model:

Rutherford carried out experiment on the bombardment of the atoms by high speed positively charged alpha - Particles emitted from radium and gave some observations, which was based on his experiment.

• Most of the alpha - particles (nearly 99% ) continued with their straight path.

• Some of the alpha - Particles passed very close to the centre of the atom and deflected by small angles.

• Very few particles are thrown back (180°)

Main Features:

• Most of the alpha - Particles were continued their straight path that means most of the space of the atom is empty.

• The centre of an atom has a positively charged body called Nucleus which repel positively charged Alpha - particles and thus explained the scattering phenomenon.

• Whole mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus and very few throw back means the size of the nucleus is very small (10-¹³) cm. It showed that the nucleus is (10^-5) times small in size as compared to the total size of the atom.

Drawbacks of Rutherford's Model:

• According to classical electromagnetic theory, when an electron moves around the nucleus under the influence of the attractive force , the electron loses its energy continuously and move closer and closer to the nucleus in a spiral path, the ultimate result will be that it will fall into the nucleus but it can't be possible because an atom is quite stable.

• If an electron loses its energy continuously, the observed spectrum should be continuous but the actual observed spectrum consist of discontinuous well defined lines of definite frequencies.