1 What is the physical nature of matter?
2 List the characteristics of particles of matters.
3 Why are we able to cut the surface of water?
4 What is the realation between kinetic energy and temperature?
5 Compare in tabular form Properties of solid liquid and gas in respect to :
Shape,Volume,Compressibility, Diffusion, Fluidity, Rigidity and Density.
6 Which of the following are Matter
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, lemon, water, smell of perfume.
7 Give reasons for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
8 A driver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?
9 What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
10 The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (Density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density- air, exhaust from chimneys, honey ,water , cotton and iron
11 (a) Tabulatethe differences in the characteristics of States of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density
12 Give reasons
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b)A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be call the solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we need a karate expert.
13 Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solid. But you must have observed that ice plots on water. Find out why?
Answers
(1) The matter is made up of particles. To understand whether the matter is continuous or particulate in nature we can hold a seat up glass in our hand and it looks continuous. Now if we throw it on the floor, It Breaks into small tiny particles this shows that matter is not continous but it is made up of small particles. In fact all matter in the universe is made up of small particles. These particles that make up the matter around us are other atoms or molecules however this particles differ from one kind to other. Hence, the physical nature of matter is particulate.
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(2) The particles show the following characteristics.
- Particles of matter have space in between them.
- Particles of matter are continuously moving.
- Particles of matter attract each other.
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(3) We are able to cut through water because Matter is not continous but it is made up of particles which have vacant spaces in between them. Moreover the attractive forces between the molecules of water are not very strong. So we can easily cut through water by applying force to displayce water and occupy its place.
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(4) We know that particles of matter possesses motion and kinetic energy is needed for that. Kinetic energy of particles increases with increase in temperature. We should have observe that dissolve substances in hot water show get dissolved at a faster rate than the cold water.
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(5) ✒ Refer to the attachment...
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(6) Out of all, the matters are:
- Chair
- Air
- Almonds
- Cold drink
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(7) The smell of vapours coming out from hot sizzling food mixed with air and reaches us faster even at several metres away because rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature whereas the smell of cold food cannot reach us because diffusion is slow at lower temperature.
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(8) I have already answered above. The diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool because matter is not continous but it is particulate in nature which means it is made up of particles and they have spaces in between them. Moreover the attractive forces between the molecules the water alre not very strong. So the diver can easily cut through water by applying a force to this place had an occupied its place.
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(9) The characteristics of particles of matter are:
- Particles of matter have spaces in between them
- Particles of matter are continuously moving.
- Particles of matter attract each other.
These characteristics of particles of matter differ from various states like this characteristic of solid is different from liquid and they are different from gas.
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(10) The correct sequence in order of increasing density is: Exhaust from chimneys < cotton < water < honey < iron.
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(11) b) Rigidity - It is defined as the property of metal due to which particles remained fix in their position at room temperature. Like Solids are very rigid.
Compressibility - Under this property, A volume of a substance can be decreased by applying pressure. Gases are highly compressible.
Fluidity - The ability of a substance to move in different direction or the substances those can flow. Liquids and gases are fluids because they flow.
Filling a gas container - Gases can be filled into a container because of fluidity. Also they have high compressibility because of less intermolecular force of attraction and more inter molecular spaces or voids.
Shape - The shape of a particular substance depends upon the physical matter or physical state of the substances. Shape of the subsatnce is maintained by its rigidity. Liquids and gases takes the space of the container in which they are kept. But, Solids remains at it's own shape.
Kinetic energy - Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving body on virtue of its motion. The kinetic energy of different states of matter differ from each other. The particles of gases has the highest kinetic energy. Kinetic energy increases with increase in temperature.
Density - The density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. It is measured by the mass and the volume of the substances.
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(12) (a) It is due to the least force of attraction between the gas molecules. Therefore gas is filled completely in vessel and it does not have a fixed volume and shape.
(b) Gas molecules collide with each other as well as with the wall of the container. Therefore gases exert pressure.
(c) we can move our hand in air but not in solid because gases have least force of attraction and solids have strong force of attarction. Karate expert use per various techniques for this.
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(13) Usually solids are denser than liquids but in case of Water, ice is less dense than water because it is porous and have acage like structure. As a result, they are less dense and floats on water.
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Answer:
(1) The matter is made up of particles. To understand whether the matter is continuous or particulate in nature we can hold a seat up glass in our hand and it looks continuous. Now if we throw it on the floor, It Breaks into small tiny particles this shows that matter is not continous but it is made up of small particles. In fact all matter in the universe is made up of small particles. These particles that make up the matter around us are other atoms or molecules however this particles differ from one kind to other. Hence, the physical nature of matter is particulate.
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(2) The particles show the following characteristics.
Particles of matter have space in between them.
Particles of matter are continuously moving.
Particles of matter attract each other.
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(3) We are able to cut through water because Matter is not continous but it is made up of particles which have vacant spaces in between them. Moreover the attractive forces between the molecules of water are not very strong. So we can easily cut through water by applying force to displayce water and occupy its place.
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(4) We know that particles of matter possesses motion and kinetic energy is needed for that. Kinetic energy of particles increases with increase in temperature. We should have observe that dissolve substances in hot water show get dissolved at a faster rate than the cold water.
Explanation: