Question

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⇛Explain briefly Respiration in Humans
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Answer 1

Answer:

Respiration: The process of releasing energy by the oxidation of food is known as respiration. The process of respiration involves intake of oxygenated air into the cells for breaking the food and releasing energy.

Mechanism of respiration:

i. Air is drawn into the body through the nostrils. 

ii. The air from the nasal cavity passes to the pharynx, which leads to the trachea, through a slit called glottis.

iii. The trachea runs down the neck and divides into two bronchi, which lead into the lungs and further divide into smaller bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles terminate into alveoli. 

iv. The walls of the alveoli are thin and covered by blood capillaries to facilitate the exchange of gases in the lungs.

v. In the alveoli, the exchange of gases takes place, CO2 from the blood is replaced with O2and CO2 is removed out of the body.

vi. In humans, for the process of respiration, air is drawn into the lungs by the process of breathing.

When an individual inhales, the diaphragm moves down, and the chest cavity expands and the oxygen rich air is drawn into the lungs. When the individual exhales, the diaphragm relaxes and the chest cavity moves back to its relaxed position and the carbon dioxide rich air is expelled out of the body.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

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ᖇᗴՏᑭIᖇᗩTIOᑎ

ᴅᴇғɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ

Respiration is defined as a metabolic process wherein, the living cells of an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP) by taking in oxygen and liberating carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

ᴛʏᴘᴇs

• aerobic
• anaerobic

Aerobic Respiration:-It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. It is a continuous process that takes place within the cells of animals and plants. This process can be explained with the help of the chemical equation:

Glucose(C6H12O6) + Oxygen(6O2) →Carbon dioxide(6CO2) + Water(6H2O)+Energy (ATP)

Anaerobic Respiration:-It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen to produce energy. The chemical equation for anaerobic respiration is

Glucose(C6H12O6) → Alcohol 2(C2H5O H) + Carbon dioxide 2(CO2) + Energy (ATP )

ᴘʜᴀsᴇs

• Glycolysis
• GlycolysisOxidative Phosphorylation
• GlycolysisOxidative PhosphorylationCitric Acid Cycle

Glycolysis:-The molecules of glucose get converted into pyruvic acid which is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water, leaving two carbon molecules, known as acetyl-CoA. During the process of glycolysis, two molecules of ATP and NADH are produced. Pyruvate enters the inner matrix of mitochondria and undergoes oxidation in the Kreb’s cycle.

oxidative phosphorylation:- Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP molecules are formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers. This process takes place within the mitochondria of a cell.

cytric acid cycle:-This is also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or Kreb’s cycle. Two ATP molecules are produced in each phase of the citric acid cycle and it takes place within the mitochondrial matrix of a cell. The electrons generated in Kreb’s cycle move across the mitochondrial matrix.

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