Question

$\pink{ \sf{Explain \: with \: examples}}$
$\sf{ \red{(i) Atomic \: number,}}\ \textless \ br /\ \textgreater$
$\sf{ \red{(ii) Mass \: number,}}$
$\sf{ \red{(iii) Isotopes \: and}}$
$\sf{ \red{(iv) Isobars.}}$
$\sf{ \blue{Give \: any \: two \: uses \: of \: isotopes}}$
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Answer 1

Answer:

• The atomic number or proton number of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus

• The mass number, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It is approximately equal to the atomic mass of the atom expressed in atomic mass units

• Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.

• a line on a weather map that joins places that have the same air pressure at a particular time

Explanation:

Answer 2

i) Atomic number :

• The number of protons in the nucleus on an atom is known as atomic number.
• $\red {\sf Example \: :}$ a) The element with 8 protons is oxygen. b) The element with 12 protons is magnesium.

ii) Mass number :

• The total numbers of protons + total number of neutrons in atom is known as mass number.
• It is also known as nucleon number.
• $\red {\sf Example \: :}$ The carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.

iii) Isotopes :

• The atoms with the same number of protons but the different number of neutrons are known as isotopes.
• $\red {\sf Example \: :}$ Carbon 12 and carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon.

iv) Isobars :

• The atoms with the same number of nucleons are known as Isobars.
• $\red {\sf Example \: :}$ Potassium and calcium has the same atomic mass number 40.

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$\qquad\sf\blue{\underline{\underline{• \: Uses \: of \: Isotopes \: : }}}$

$\leadsto$ Isotopes are used to know the concentration of some elements.

$\leadsto$ Isotopes are also used in some medical treatments and medicines.

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