Question

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what is atmospheric refraction ? Explain the phenomenon of twinkling the stars .

Answer 1

Answer:

1)

Earth's atmospher has different layers. the densities of these layers decrease as we go higher and higher from the earth's surface. due to difference in their densities, they act as different medium if slightly different refractive indices. so , when a ray of light passes from space ( where ref.index is least) to the earth's atmosphere, it undergoes continues change in ref. index and bends or deviates from its original path giving rise to various phenomenon like twinkling of stars , white colour of the clouds , etc...

2)The twinkling of stars is explained by the phenomenon called atmospheric refraction. Light from the stars undergoes multiple refraction while passing through the layers of air before reaching an observer's eye. The point source of light (star) appear to be multiple because of deviation of actual path of light to multiple other paths. This apparent multiple source of light blinks to cause twinkling of stars.

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