Question

$\sf \: \red {Explain \: Matter}$
$\sf \: \red {Explain \: Classification \: of \: matter}$
$\sf \: \green {Explain \: Physical \: nature \: of \: matter }$
$\sf \: \green {Explain \: States \: of \: matter }$
$\sf \: \blue {Explain \: Properties \: of \: solids }$
$\sf \: \blue {Explain \: Properties \: of \: liquids}$
$\sf \: \green {Explain \: Properties \: of \: gases }$

Class 9
Science
Chapter 1 - Matter in our surroundings .​

Answer 1

(1) Anything and everything in the universe which have some mass and occupy some space is called matter.

(2) Matters are classified into three states : solid , liquid and gaseous state.

(3) There are two physical nature of matter :-

(I) Matters are made up of particles.

(II) How small are the particles of matter?

(4) States of matter :-

(I) Solid state:- The particles of solid state have fixed , Distinct boundaries and fixed volumes. The shape of solid may change if we apply some amount of force on it.

Example :- A Pen , A rock .

(II) Liquid state :- The particles of liquid states have fixed volumes and have unfixed shape and sizes . The liquids changes their shape and size itself.

Example :- Oil , water.

(III) Gaseous state :- The particles of gaseous state have fixed volume and have unfixed shape . gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids.

Example :- Air , Fog.

(5) Properties of solids are as follows:-

(I) They are rigid.

(II) They have fixed shape.

(III) They have fixed volumes.

(6) Properties of liquids are as follows:-

(I) They are not rigid.

(II) They do not have fixed shape.

(III) They have fixed volumes.

(7) Properties of Gaseous are as follows:-

(I) They are not rigid.

(II) They do not have fixed shape.

(III) They have fixed volume.

Answer 2

Step by step explanation:-

Matter in our surroundings:-

$\sf \: \red { Matter}$ :- The things which occupy space and has mass can be perceived by our physical senses is called matter

• Everything in universe is Matter
• Matter is made up of small particles

Example :- Stones, chair , table , books , sppon etc

$\sf \: \red { Classification \: of \: matter}$ :-

Matter can be classified into based on physical properties and chemical properties

Physical properties

• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases

Chemical properties

• Atoms
• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixture

Atoms :-

Atom is the smallest particle in the atmosphere Atoms are made up of electons, protons , neutrons

Element :-

An element is the simplest form of a substance. It cannot be simplified or broken down further into smaller particles.

• There are 118 elements in universe Some of elements found naturally These 118 elements are arranged in periodic table according to their properties .

Examples :-

• Hydrogen, helium, beryllium, iron, carbon, pottasium , sodium ,zinc , cobalt, copper etc

There are so many uses of elements . Our body is composed of 6 elements

Compounds :-

Two or more elements combine chemically to form a compound There are different compounds

Example :-

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
• Magnesium oxide (Mg(OH)2
• Water (H2O)
• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Mixture :-

Mixture is nothing but two or more substances combined not chemically It is called mixture

Examples :-

Sand is a mixture.Sand is made up of rocks, stones , small type of particles etc

These all are comes under example of chemical properties of Matter

$\sf \: \red { Physical \: nature \: of \: matter }$

It is nothing but

• Solids
• Liquids
• Gases

These are also a states of matter

Lets see what is Solids , liquids , gases and their properties

Solids and their properties :-

Solids are the substances which are hard in nature .they cannot flow like liquids

Examples of solids :-

glass , stones , table , cot , box , etc

$\sf \: \red { Properties \: of \: solids }$

➠ Solids have definite shape

➠ Solids are tightly packed

➠ solids have definite volume

➠ Solids cannot flow

➠Solids cannot compressed

➠Solids have high density

➠ Solids diffusion rate is low

Liquids and their properties:-

Liquids are the substances which are free in nature They can flow easily

Examples :-

Water , juices , petrol, kerosene milk etc

$\sf \: \red { Properties \: of \: liquids}$

➠ Liquids are fluids

➠ They donot have definite shape

➠ They can flow very easily

➠ The molecules of liquids are loosely packed

➠ They have fixed volume

➠ Liquids have moderate to high densities .they are usually less dense than solids

Gases and its properties

Gases are also a substance Which they spread very easily

Example:-

Oxygen,perfumes , nitrogen , steam , carbondioxide

$\sf \: \red { Properties \: of \: gases }$

➠ Gases have neither fixed shape nor fixed volume

➠ Diffusion rate of gases is very high

➠ The molecules of gases are very loosely packed

➠ Gases can compressed very easily

➠ Gases can flow easily

➠ Intermolecular space is very large