Question

$\sf The \: fundamental \: unit \: of \: life\ \textless \ br /\ \textgreater$
Notes and Important notes .

Class 9
Biology​

Answer 1

$\huge\sf \underline{cell - the \: unit \: of \: life} \:$

$\sf \green{ \: all \: living \: organism \: have \: a \: basic \: feature \: in \: common \: - they \: are \: made \: up \: of \: building \: blocks \: called \: cells.}$

$\bold{\hookrightarrow \: what \: is \: cell \: ?}$

★ It is the structural and functional unit of life .

$\bold{\hookrightarrow \: why \: cell \: is \: called \: structural \: and \: functional \: unit \: of \: life \: ? }$

$\sf \color{blue}\circ \: experiment \: 1$

★ If we take any part of the body of a frog or any part of a mango tree and examine it under a microscope it will show a cellular structure . And as we know each living organism is made from cell . That's why cell are known as structural unit of life .

$\circ \: \color{blue} \sf{experiment \: 2}$

★ Any function in the body of a frog or in a mango tree is due to the activities of the cell . Eg . digestion of food , contraction of muscle cells in a frog etc .. And photosynthesis in the cells of leaves , root absorbs water from soil and many more in a mango tree .

$\hookrightarrow\bold{discovery \: of \: microscope \: and \: types \: of \: microscope \: ? }$

★ There are 3 types of microscopes :-

• Simple Microscope - Constructed by Antony Van Leeuwenhoek ( Dutch Scientist ) .

• Compound Microscope - Developed by Robert Hooke ( English Scientist ).

• Electron microscope - Invented by Max Knoll ,

Ernest Ruska and Bodo von Borries .

$\hookrightarrow \bold{ \: cell \: theorey}$

★ Matthias Schlieden announced that every plant is made from a number of cells .

★ Theodor Schwan announced that every animal is made of cells .

★ Rudolf Virchow said that all cells arise from pre existing cells .

$\star \: \sf{main \: postulates \: of \: cell \: theorey}$

✰ Cell is the smallest unit of structure of all living beings .

✰ It is the functional unit

✰ All cells arise from pre existing cells .

$\hookrightarrow \: \bold{example \: of \: some \: cells \:with \: their \: shapes }$

༆ RBC - (Red Blood Cells)

Shape - Circular / Bio concave

༆ WBC - (White Blood Cells)

Shape - Amoeboid

༆ Nerve Cells

Shape - Long

༆ Muscle Cells

Shape - Contractile

༆ Guard Cells

Shape - Bean Shaped

________________________________

Answer 2

${\large{\pmb{\sf{\underline{RequirEd \; Solution...}}}}}$

1 to 7 are mentioned below!

1. The fundamental unit of life is known as cell.

2. Cell was discovered by Sir Robert Hooke

3. Cell was discovered in the year 1665.

4. What is cell? Cell is the basic structure and the fundamental unit of life

5. One day, while examing a thin slice of cork, Robert Hooke saw that this was looking like honeycomb. And then he named it as cell.

6. Cork is a substance which comes from bark of the tree.

7 In 1665 Sir Robert Hooke also discovered a microscope.

8 to 53 refer to attachment!

54 to 91 are mentioned below!

54. Protoplasm is called the living substance of the cell. Protoplasm include the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The entire content of a living cell is known as protoplasm.

55. As the nucleus contain chromosomes, there are visible rod shaped or thread like structure.

56. Chromosome carry genes and in form of DNA molecules

56. DNA strand for dioxribo nucleric acid.

57. Chromosome are made of protein and DNA

58. Functional segment of DNA are known as genes.

59. Prokaryotic cell contain only nucleic acid.

60. Endoplasmic reticulum is the full form of ER.

61. There are 2 type of ER that are RER and SER.

62. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the full form of RER.

63. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the full form of SER.

64. ER membrane is like plasma membrane.

65. RER have ribosome organelles, used to make protein.

66. SER is used to make lipids, fat.

67. ER process is also known as membrane biogenesis.

68. SER plays a crucial role in detorifying many drugs and poision

69. Golgi apparatus first described by Camillo Golgi.

70. Golgi apparatus's function include the storage, modification, packing of products of vehicles.

71. Mitochondria also known as powerhouse of the cell. In this energy is released as ATP

72. Adenosine triphosphate is the full form of ATP.

73. ATP is also known as energy currency of cell.

74. Mitochondria have two membranes.

75. Mitochondria have their own ribosome and DNA.

76. Mitochondria can mke their own protein.

77. Lysosome can digest it's own cells.

78. Lysosome also known as suicide bag.

79. Lysosome has its own waste disposal system.

80. Lysosome digest foreign cell if came inside body.

81. Lysosome clean cell.

82. Lysosome have digestive enzymes. Enzymes are made up of RER.

83. Plastids are of 2 types that are coloured plastids (chloroplast) and colourless/white plastids (leucoplasts).

84. Chlroplasts are important for the process of photosynthesis

85. Plastids contain the pigment chlorophyll.

86. Chloroplast also contain yellow and orange pigment.

87. Plastids also have their own DNA and ribosome.

88. Vacuole in animal are small.

89. Vacuole in plants are large.

90. Vacuole stored for sacs for solid and liquid.

91. Vacuole include amino acids, organic acid and protein.

• Sorry if you find that I miss any point. I will heartily apologize for that!