Question

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Answer 1

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Explain some physical properties of metals.

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Some main physical properties of metals are :

• The have lustre and a metallic appearance.
• They are usually in the form of a solid at room temperature.
• They are very good conductors of electricity and heat.
• Metals are malleable and ductile.
• They mostly have a very high melting point.

(OR)

Physical properties of metals are :

• Physical State - Metals are solids at room temperature with the exception of mercury and gallium, which are liquids at room temperature.
• Lustre - Metals have the quality of reflecting light from its surface and can be polished e.g., gold, silver and copper.
• Malleability - Metals have the ability to withstand hammering and can be made into thin sheets known as foils. Except Zinc which is brittle.
• Ductility - Metals can be drawn into wires. Except Zinc which is brittle.
• Hardness - All metals are hard except sodium and potassium, which are soft and can be cut with a knife.
• Conduction - Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons. Silver and copper are the two best conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is the poorest conductor of heat. Bismuth, mercury and iron are also poor conductors.
• Density - Metals have high density and are very heavy. Iridium and osmium have the highest densities whereas lithium has the lowest density.
• Melting and Boiling Point - Metals have high melting and boiling point. Tungsten has the highest melting point where as silver has low boiling point. Sodium and potassium have low melting points.
• Alloy Formation - Metals form homogeneous mixture with each other called an alloy. Example- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
• Sonorous - Metals are sonorous i.e. they produce sound when hit with some solid object.

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Answer 2

Physical Properties of Metals and Nonmetals:

• The physical properties make them useful for many purposes. For e.g. Copper is used in making electric wires, gold is used to make jewellery, stainless steel is used to make pots, pans, etc.

• Metals react with nonmetals to form ionic bonds. For e.g. Sodium Chloride (NaCl).

• Metals are a good conductor of electricity which means that they can conduct electricity due to the free moving electrons present in them. Copper is used as wiring as it is a good conductor of electricity.

• Metals have high melting points and high boiling points as they have strong metallic bonds.

• All metals are physically lustrous. They have a lustre that makes them shine. Gold is used for making jewellery.

• Metals are hard, they can’t be broken easily and require a lot of energy and strength to break.  Iron is used to make cars, buildings, ships, etc.

• Metals weigh a lot as they have a high density. Metals are heavy for their size.

• They don’t have flexibility and have tensile strength. Metals can’t be stretched.

• Metals are great conductors of heat. That’s why pots, pans, vessels are made of metals.

Some More Properties

• They are good conductors of sound. They are sonorous.

• Metals are ductile which means that they can be used to make thin wires.

• They are malleable which means that they can be pounded into thin sheets.

• Metals are usually solid at room temperature. However, there is an exception i.e. Mercury which is usually in liquid form.

• There are a few metals that have low density, soft, and have low melting and boiling points. These metals are alkali and alkaline earth metals, they are also highly reactive, and are rarely encountered in their elemental, metallic form.

• Some metals like sodium are so soft that they can be cut with a knife.

• Three magnetic metals are iron, nickel and cobalt. Steel is also magnetic but it is an alloy which contains iron.

• Metals tend to gain valence electrons.

• Also, metals have low electronegativity.

• Metals usually have one to three electrons in their outer shell.

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