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LaTeX:Commands
This page introduces various useful commands for rendering math in LaTeX, as well as instructions for building your own commands.
Contents
1 Subscripts and Superscripts
2 Math Commands
2.1 Fractions
2.2 Radicals
2.3 Sums, Products, Limits and Logarithms
2.4 Mods
2.5 Combinations
2.6 Trigonometric Functions
2.7 Calculus
2.8 Overline and Underline
3 LaTeX
3.1 Other Functions
4 Matrices
5 Text Styles in Math Mode
6 How to Build Your Own Commands
7 See Also
Subscripts and Superscripts
Subscripts and superscripts (such as exponents) can be made using the underscore _ and carat ^ symbols respectively.
Symbol Command Symbol Command
$2^{2}$ 2^2 $\textstyle a_i$ a_i
$\textstyle 2^{23}$ 2^{23} $\textstyle n_{i-1}$ n_{i-1}
$a^{i+1}_3$ a^{i+1}_3 $x^{3^2}$ x^{3^2}
$2^{a_i}$ 2^{a_i} $2^a_i$ 2^a_i
Notice that we can apply both a subscript and a superscript at the same time. For subscripts or superscripts with more than one character, you must surround with curly braces. For example, x^10 produces $x^10$, while x^{10} produces $x^{10}$.
Math Commands
Here are some commonly used math commands in LaTeX:
Fractions
Symbol Command
$\frac {1}{2}$ \frac{1}{2} or \frac12
$\frac{2}{x+2}$ \frac{2}{x+2}
$\frac{1+\frac{1}{x}}{3x + 2}$ \frac{1+\frac{1}{x}}{3x + 2}
Notice that with fractions with a 1-digit numerator and a 1-digit denominator, we can simply group the numerator and the denominator together as one number. However, for fractions with either a numerator or a denominator that requires more than one character (or if the numerator starts with a letter), you need to surround everything in curly brackets.
Step-by-step explanation:
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