दिए गए अज्ञात अकार्बनिक लवण 'M3,' में एक धनायन मूलक शुष्क एवं आर्द्र परीक्षण के आधार
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Inorganic salts can be obtained with a base through complete or partial neutralization of acid. The part that the acid contributes is called anion in the formation of a salt and the part that the base contributes is called cation. The preliminary examination gives important clues about the presence of some anions or cations. The systematic analysis of anions is an integral part of salt analysis (or qualitative inorganic analysis).
Aim:
To identify the anionic radicals present in an inorganic mixture of salts by performing various tests.
Theory:
Qualitative analysis involves the detection and identification of acidic and basic radicals present in inorganic salts. Inorganic salts are formed by the reaction of acids and bases or acidic oxides with a base or basic oxides.
Some of the examples of the reaction of acids and bases or acidic oxides with a base or basic oxides are
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
KOH + HNO3 → KNO3 + H2O
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Most of the organic compounds are crystalline solids as they have defined geometrical shapes. Usually, they consist of oppositely charged particles or ions called radicals.
In the salt analysis, two fundamental principles are of great use
Solubility ProductCommon Ion Effect1. Solubility Product:
Solubility product is defined as a product of ion concentrations elevated to a power equal to the number of occurrences of ions in an equation representing electrolyte dissociation at a given temperature when the solution is saturated. Under all conditions, the solubility product is not the ionic product, but only if the solution is saturated.
2. Common Ion Effect:
The phenomenon that suppresses the degree of dissociation of any weak electrolyte by adding a small amount of strong electrolyte that contains a common ion is called the common ion effect. For example, by adding a strong electrolyte sodium acetate containing common acetate ion, ionization of weak electrolyte acetic acid is suppressed.
Materials Required:Test tubesBoiling tubesTest tube holderTest tube standCorksFilter paperDelivery tubeReagents