दीर्घ उत्तर रूपी प्रश्न
(Long Answer Type Questions)
सांख्यिकीय चित्रों के विभिन्न प्रकार कौन से हैं? चित्रीय प्रस्तुतीकरण के ज्यामितिक रूप का संक्षेप में वर्णन कीजिए।।
What are the various types of statistical diagrams? Explain the geometric form of
diagrammatic presentation
Answers
Answer:
dghurdfgbjirsgjrsbjdbjrdhudju
Answer:
Graphical Representation is a way of analysing numerical data. It exhibits the relation between data, ideas, information and concepts in a diagram. It is easy to understand and it is one of the most important learning strategies. It always depends on the type of information in a particular domain. There are different types of graphical representation. Some of them are as follows:
Line Graphs – Line graph or the linear graph is used to display the continuous data and it is useful for predicting future events over time.
Bar Graphs – Bar Graph is used to display the category of data and it compares the data using solid bars to represent the quantities.
Histograms – The graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of numerical data that are organised into intervals. Since all the intervals are equal and continuous, all the bars have the same width.
Line Plot – It shows the frequency of data on a given number line. ‘ x ‘ is placed above a number line each time when that data occurs again.
Frequency Table – The table shows the number of pieces of data that falls within the given interval.
Circle Graph – Also known as the pie chart that shows the relationships of the parts of the whole. The circle is considered with 100% and the categories occupied is represented with that specific percentage like 15%, 56%, etc.
Stem and Leaf Plot – In the stem and leaf plot, the data are organised from least value to the greatest value. The digits of the least place values from the leaves and the next place value digit forms the stems.
Box and Whisker Plot – The plot diagram summarises the data by dividing into four parts. Box and whisker show the range (spread) and the middle ( median) of the data.
Graphical Representation
General Rules for Graphical Representation of Data
There are certain rules to effectively present the information in the graphical representation. They are:
Suitable Title: Make sure that the appropriate title is given to the graph which indicates the subject of the presentation.
Measurement Unit: Mention the measurement unit in the graph.
Proper Scale: To represent the data in an accurate manner, choose a proper scale.
Index: Index the appropriate colours, shades, lines, design in the graphs for better understanding.
Data Sources: Include the source of information wherever it is necessary at the bottom of the graph.
Keep it Simple: Construct a graph in an easy way that everyone can understand.
Neat: Choose the correct size, fonts, colours etc in such a way that the graph should be a visual aid for the presentation of information.
Graphical Representation in Maths
In Mathematics, a graph is defined as a chart with statistical data, which are represented in the form of curves or lines drawn across the coordinate point plotted on its surface. It helps to study the relationship between two variables where it helps to measure the change in the variable amount with respect to another variable within a given interval of time. It helps to study the series distribution and frequency distribution for a given problem. There are two types of graphs to visually depict the information. They are:
Generally, the frequency distribution is represented in four methods, namely
Histogram
Smoothed frequency graph
Pie diagram
Cumulative or ogive frequency graph
Frequency Polygon
Merits of Using Graphs
Some of the merits of using graphs are as follows:
.
Obtain the frequency distribution and find the midpoints of each class interval.
Represent the midpoints along x-axis and frequencies along the y-axis.
Plot the points corresponding to the frequency at each midpoint.
Join these points, using lines in order.
To complete the polygon, join the point at each end immediately to the lower or higher class marks on the x-axis.
You need to exercise caution while drawing inferences from diagrams. Here are some of their limitations:
Provides vague ideas – While diagrams offer a vague idea about the problem, it is useful only to a common man. An expert, who seeks an exact idea of the problem cannot benefit from them.
Limited information – Classified and tabulated data provides more information than diagrams.
Low precision – Diagram offer a low level of precision of values.
Restricts further data analysis – Diagrams do not allow the user to analyze the data further.
A diagrammatic presentation is a simple and effective method of presenting the information that any statistical data contains. Here are some general principles of diagrammatic presentation which can help you make them a more effective tool of understanding the data:
Line Diagram
In a line diagram, you can represent different values using lines of varying lengths. Further, these lines are either horizontal or vertical. Also, there is a uniform gap between successful lines. You can use this when the number of items is very large. Here is an example: