The 73rd and the 74th amendments to the constitution of India, enacted in 1992, lay down ground rules with basic structural framework for decentralized governance at district and lower levels which can sustain themselves against external interference and emerge as effective and strong people’s institutions.
The Amendments mandate that every state shall establish a three-tier system of Panchayat, at the village, intermediate (with some exceptions) and district levels. The Panchayat will consist of persons elected directly from the territorial constituencies, all members of the Panchayat shall have the right to vote in the meetings, a fixed tenure of five years, (if dissolved, election must be conducted within a period of six months of the dissolution), each state will constitute a State Election and a Finance commission to review the finances of the Panchayat and recommend principles on the basis of which the taxes could be appropriated by or assigned to various tiers of
the Panchayat and the state.
The primary role of the Panchayat will be in the area of development planning and implementation of programmes of economic development and social justice. The Eleventh and the Twelfth Schedules of the Constitution lists 29 and 18 functional areas to be transferred to the rural and urban elected local bodies, respectively.
Why do you think the 73rd and 74th Amendments were implemented by the governemnt in 1992? How have they benefitted the people of India at grass root level? Support your answers with examples.
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