The analomous zeeman effect can be explained if we take into account
Answers
Explanation:
The Zeeman effect (/ˈzeɪmən/; Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːmɑn]), named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman, is the effect of splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is analogous to the Stark effect, the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field. Also similar to the Stark effect, transitions between different components have, in general, different intensities, with some being entirely forbidden (in the dipole approximation), as governed by the selection rules.
Since the distance between the Zeeman sub-levels is a function of magnetic field strength, this effect can be used to measure magnetic field strength, e.g. that of the Sun and other stars or in laboratory plasmas. The Zeeman effect is very important in applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It may also be utilized to improve accuracy in atomic absorption spectroscopy. A theory about the magnetic sense of birds assumes that a protein in the retina is changed due to the Zeeman effect.[1]
When the spectral lines are absorption lines, the effect is called inverse Zeeman effect.
Answer:
The anomalous Zeeman effect is the more general case. where the electron spins do not cancel each other and the. energy of an atomic state in a magnetic field depends on both. the magnetic moments of electron orbit and electron spin. The magnetic moment of the orbital angular momentum
Explanation:
Example: Lyman-alpha transition in hydrogen
The Lyman-alpha transition in hydrogen in the presence of the spin–orbit interaction involves the transitions
{\displaystyle 2P_{1/2}\to 1S_{1/2}}2P_{1/2} \to 1S_{1/2} and {\displaystyle 2P_{3/2}\to 1S_{1/2}.}2P_{3/2} \to 1S_{1/2}.
In the presence of an external magnetic field, the weak-field Zeeman effect splits the 1S1/2 and 2P1/2 levels into 2 states each ({\displaystyle m_{j}=1/2,-1/2}m_j = 1/2, -1/2) and the 2P3/2 level into 4 states ({\displaystyle m_{j}=3/2,1/2,-1/2,-3/2}m_j = 3/2, 1/2, -1/2, -3/2). The Landé g-factors for the three levels are:
{\displaystyle g_{J}=2}g_J = 2 for {\displaystyle 1S_{1/2}}1S_{1/2} (j=1/2, l=0)
{\displaystyle g_{J}=2/3}g_J = 2/3 for {\displaystyle 2P_{1/2}}2P_{1/2} (j=1/2, l=1)
{\displaystyle g_{J}=4/3}g_J = 4/3 for {\displaystyle 2P_{3/2}}2P_{3/2} (j=3/2, l=1).