The Asian continent is home to Bhutan – one of the smallest nations in the world. The country has integrated environmental sustainability as an essential part of national development. Around 60%of its land is covered by forests and about 5 million acres are protected areas. Identify the basic principles behind Bhutan’s commitment to the cause of conservation and present your paper.
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Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in the world. But its commitment to conservation is bigger than most. Conservation of the environment is one of the four pillars of Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness philosophy. As mandated in its constitution, Bhutan preserves (at all times) 60 percent of its land under forest cover. Bhutan has succeeded in doing so. More than 51% of the country is protected—the largest percentage of any Asian country. Most of it is intact forests interwoven with free-flowing rivers. Evidence of this commitment to conservation is everywhere in Bhutan. Native wildlife—including endangered royal Bengal tigers, elusive snow leopards, elegant black cranes and elephants—all roam free in the country’s 5 million acre network of protected areas. The people of this Buddhist kingdom can hold on to a fundamental birthright: living out life in a healthy environment. And one of the country’s top industries—ecotourism—is thriving and growing. The world benefits, too. Bhutan is in a region that provides water for one-fifth of the world’s population. Bhutan also is at the heart of the Eastern Himalayas, which is one of the world's 10-most biodiverse regions. And Bhutan’s forests help keep the world's climate change at bay by absorbing carbon dioxide.In August 2018, WWF, the Bhutan government, donors, and partners from around the world created Bhutan for Life. At the heart of the conservation effort is a $43 million fund—the first of its kind in Asia—to permanently protect Bhutan’s network of protected areas. This funding will be combined with $75 million from the Bhutan government, which will be contributed over a 14-year period that starts in 2018. Thereafter, Bhutan will be positioned to fully fund all of its protected areas on its own. Sustainable economic development, such as eco-tourism and organic farming, will be allowed in the protected areas, making this initiative a true example of how the Bhutanese seek balance. This program is modeled after one created by WWF and other partners in May 2014 to ensure the long-term protection of the world’s largest tropical rain forest, located in the Brazilian Amazon. WWF is helping to create similar programs in Colombia and Peru. They all rely on an innovative funding approach called Project Finance for Permanence that addresses an issue often seen in the conservation community: piecemeal, insufficient, and short-term funding for the management of protected areas, often because conservation budgets are the first to be cut in the face of legitimate and difficult tradeoffs. The new approach relies on a single closing, where all funds are committed at the same time and the government makes a commitment to the long-term funding of its protected areas. “I am hopeful that, now that this program has been created, then what has been bestowed upon us by our visionary monarchs—this sacred environment—can be maintained for generations to come,” Dorji said. “And Bhutan can serve as a model for our neighbors in Asia and the rest of the world.
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