Question

The atom/ion that has the highest number of unpaired electrons is
(a) Mg²⁺
(b) F
(c) N
(d) S²⁻

Answer 1

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The atom/ion that has the highest number of unpaired electrons is
(a) Mg²⁺
(b) F
(c) N
(d) S²⁻

→ [B]


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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Unpaired electron:

An unpaired electron is an electron that doesn't form part of an electron pair when it occupies an atom's orbital in chemistry. Each of an atom's three atomic orbitals, designated by the quantum numbers $n$, $l$, and $m$, has the capacity to hold a pair of two electrons with opposing spins. Unpaired electrons are extremely uncommon in chemistry because an object carrying an unpaired electron is typically quite reactive. This is because the production of electron pairs, whether in the form of a chemical bond or as a lone pair, is frequently energetically advantageous. They play a crucial role in describing reaction pathways even though they normally only appear momentarily during a reaction on a thing called a radical in organic chemistry.

Since the unpaired electron occupies a $sp$, $sp2$, or $sp3$ hybrid orbital or a valence $p$ orbital in $s$ and $p$-block chemistry, radicals are uncommon.

In contrast, radicals are particularly prevalent in $d$ and $f$-block chemistry.

There are certain relatively more stable substances that have unpaired electrons, such as the nitric oxide molecule, which has one. Hund's rule states that unpaired electrons' spins are parallelly aligned, giving these compounds their paramagnetic characteristics.

The atoms and ions of lanthanides and actinides include the most stable types of unpaired electrons. These entities cannot  be coupled because their incomplete $f$-shells do not interact with their surroundings very strongly. $Gd3+$ and $Cm3+$ each have seven unpaired electrons, making them the ions with the most unpaired electrons.

Because the two electrons in an electron pair have opposite spins and opposing magnetic dipole fields, an unpaired electron possesses a magnetic dipole moment, whereas an electron pair does not cancellation and instructions As a result, an atom with unpaired electrons behaves like a magnetic dipole and engages in magnetic field interaction. Para magnetism, ferromagnetism, and anti ferromagnetism are only present in elements with unpaired electrons.

Nitrogen has the highest number of unpaired electrons.

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