The atoms of copper contain electrons and the atoms of rubber also contain electrons. Then why does copper conduct electricity but rubber does not conduct electricity ?
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For conduction we must have free electrons or ions so that it could carry the electricity from one point to the other. In rubber, all of the valance electrons of the atoms are bonded to other atoms by covalent bonds, makes rubber have no free electrons so there is no conduction.
On the other hand in copper, the valence electrons are completely free to move, as though it were like water. Because of the free electrons copper conduct so well.
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