Question

the body of these animals is made up of calcarious spinules and has many tiny pores called "Ostia" and "Operculum" at the free end.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

Sponges are simple animals without internal organs, muscles, or nerves. Nearly all sponges are marine and sessile (attached to the bottom or a hard substrate.)  

The more than 5,500 sponge species share many common characteristics including the following:  

• Water flows into the sponge through ostia (tiny pores in the outer wall), then through small canals into spongocoels (spacious chambers), and exits though larger holes called oscula (singular: osculum).
• Chambers within a sponge's walls contain cells called choanocytes with flagella (long, slender projections) that beat to create a current pulling water through the sponge's tissue. Some sponges can pump as much as 20,000 times their volume through their tissues within 24 hours. Choanocytes filter out bacteria and other tiny nutrients from the water flowing through the sponge. Oxygen is also obtained from this current.

Phylum Ectoprocta

This phylum is composed of bryozoans—tiny, colonial animals that live in rectangular or cylindrical shaped boxes.

Phylum Cnidaria

The cnidarians are a diverse group; they include sea anemones, corals, jellyfishes, and their relatives. About 10,000 species are known worldwide - inhabiting oceans from the intertidal zone to the greatest depths.

Phylum Platyhelminthes

This phylum contains more than 20,000 species of flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms.

Phylum Mollusca

Mollusc is a Latin term meaning "soft-bodied." This group includes at least 93,195 described species of familiar animals like clams, oysters, mussels, limpets, snails, and squid. Molluscs are an important food source for many marine animals.

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