Question

the. bottom of a container filled with liquid appear slightly raised because of
a)Refraction
b)Interference
c)Diffraction
d)Reflection

Answer 1

The bottom of a container filled with liquid appear slightly raised because of REFRACTION.
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Answer 2

This is a very good example of refraction. Due to light slowing down because of the optical density of the medium, light turns to some angle towards the normal of the surface of the medium of separation inside. If you made the light go through denser and denser medium, it would go more and more closer to the normal of the surface. But here, to see the bottom of the tank or pond, light have to come from the bottom of the pond which is the denser medium to air and then to your eyes, which is the rarer medium. So when this happens, light bends away from the normal, so it appears that even if the bottom of the pond is low, it looks as if its not so shallow at all.