Question

The British wanted tribal groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators, as settled peasants were easier to control and administer. So they introduced land settlements, but their effort to settle jhum cultivators was not very successful. Facing widespread protests, the British had to ultimately allow the right to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest. How did the British manage such settlements? 
1 They British measured the land, and defined the rights of each individual to plots of land.

2 They measured the land, divided it into equal areas, and defined the rights of each individual to those areas.

3 They measured the land, defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue to be paid to the state.

4 They asked all tribes to pay fixed revenues to the state, whatever the sizes of individual plots of land.​

Answer 1

The British wanted tribal groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators, as settled peasants were easier to control and administer. So they introduced land settlements, but their effort to settle jhum cultivators was not very successful. Facing widespread protests, the British had to ultimately allow the right to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest. The British managed such settlements by (3) THEY MEASURED THE LAND, DEFINED THE RIGHTS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL TO THAT LAND, AND FIXED THE REVENUE TO BE PAID TO THE STATE.

• The zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement that fixed the land rights of the members in perpetuity without any provision for fixed rent or occupancy right for actual cultivators.
• Under the Zamindari system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers by the intermediaries known as Zamindars.
• The share of the government in the total land revenue collected by the zamindars was kept at 10/11th, and the remainder went to zamindars.
• The system was most prevalent in West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, UP, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.