The categories of living organisms in the biosphere
Answers
Answer:
Biosphere, relatively thin life-supporting stratum of Earth’s surface, extending from a few kilometres into the atmosphere to the deep-sea vents of the ocean. The biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the abiotic (nonliving) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients.
Before the coming of life, Earth was a bleak place, a rocky globe with shallow seas and a thin band of gases—largely carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, molecular nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapour. It was a hostile and barren planet. This strictly inorganic state of the Earth is called the geosphere; it consists of the lithosphere (the rock and soil), the hydrosphere (the water), and the atmosphere (the air). Energy from the Sun relentlessly bombarded the surface of the primitive Earth, and in time—millions of years—chemical and physical actions produced the first evidence of life: formless, jellylike blobs that could collect energy from the environment and produce more of their own kind. This generation of life in the thin outer layer of the geosphere established what is called the biosphere, the “zone of life,” an energy-diverting skin that uses the matter of the Earth to make living substance.
The biosphere is a system characterized by the continuous cycling of matter and an accompanying flow of solar energy in which certain large molecules and cells are self-reproducing. Water is a major predisposing factor, for all life depends on it. The elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, when combined as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, provide the building blocks, the fuel, and the direction for the creation of life. Energy flow is required to maintain the structure of organisms by the formation and splitting of phosphate bonds. Organisms are cellular in nature and always contain some sort of enclosing membrane structure, and all have nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.
Answer:
All of the ecosystems on Earth are collectively referred to as the biosphere.
Explanation:
- Based on how they obtain energy, three broad groups of organisms are included in the biotic, or living, component.
- The primary producers, which are primarily green plants; the consumers, which include all animals; and the decomposers, which include the bacteria that disassemble plant and animal remnants into simpler components for use in the biosphere.
- Aquatic ecosystems are those that include both freshwater conditions on land and marine settings.
- The principal vegetational types that make up terrestrial ecosystems include forest, grassland, desert, and tundra.
- Each of these plant provinces is related to specific animal types.
- Communities are more compact biotic divisions of ecosystems that can be further separated. Organisms in a stand of pine trees, on a coral reef, in a cave, a valley, a lake, or a stream are examples of communities.
- The community's primary concern is its living constituent, or its creatures; abiotic environmental variables are not included.
Thus, between 3 to 30 million different types of plants, animals, and fungus can be found in the biosphere.
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