Question

the cation in a given salt. 1.physical
characteristic,2.dry and wet test for cation,
3.dry and wet test for anion,4.confirmatory
test for cation and anion


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Answer 1

There are many test which is done in the laboratory for the Identification of the Cation and Anion in the Laboratory.

• Since, you have not mentioned the one cation or anion which need to be tested, therefore let me give the simple applications which are used for detection of salts in the laboratory.
• Detection of Cation and Anion is the Part of the Chemistry Practical of Class 11th and 12th, and it is one of the Interesting practical.

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We will be given one salt and we need to detect the cation and anion present in that salt.

• 1. Physical Characteristics ⇒ While detecting the cation or anion, we first see its color, odour, etc.
• For example, Copper Sulphate is Blue, Color of Lead acetate is white crystalline, etc.
• 2. Dry and wet test of Cation ⇒   Dry tests are those tests which are performed with the solid salt (or a mixture of salts), while wet tests are those tests which are preformed by dissolving the salt. (or mixture of salts) in water, acid or any other solvent.
• Generally in dry and wet test for colored salts,  we uses a compound named Sodium Borate. Sodium Borate(or Borax) is one of the compound of the Boron which is the mandatory part of every chemistry laboratory.
• Chemical formula for Sodium Borate is Na₂[B₄O₅(OH)₅]·8H₂O.
• For Uncolored salts, other solvents like Mohr's salt or Kessler's Reagfent is used.
• 3. Dry and wet test for anion ⇒ The dry test of anion is a basic test performed to detect the presence of element in compound by introducing the sample to the flame for noting the color produced, since some common and the certain element can be detected by means of their characteristic flame color.  
• The wet test of an anion is the test which is based on the principle of treating solution with succession of reagents so that each reagent can separate a group of reagent.

• 4. Confirmatory Test for Cation and Anions ⇒ It is the Final test after which experiment on detection is completed. During this test, we confirm the presence and can say surely that that cation or anion is present in the given salt.
• Some peoples do not perform each test as stated above but directly come to this test. In this test, we do some chemical reaction of the salt with the Other compounds to detect it presence.
• For example, Ammonium salt can be detected by Kessler's Reagent. Copper salt give Chocolaty color in the Potassium Ferrocyanide solution.

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