Question

The central atom assumes sp3 hybridization in
(a) PC13
(b) SO3
(C) BF3
(d) NO3​

Answer 1

PCl3 is the answer

• Phosphorus belongs to 15 group.
• it has 5 electrons in outermost shell
• it can form five sigma bonds with any monovalent atom
• it shares 3 electrons with chlorine
• remaining 2 electrons are in the form of lone pair

Z = 1/2 * (5+3) = 4

Hybridization = sp3

Shape = trigonal pyramidal

Angle = less than 109 degree

Reason =

Explanation:

angle is reduced because of the repulsion between lone pair and Bond pair .

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Answer 2

$\Large\bold{\underline{\underline{Answer:-}}}$

$\Large\bold{\boxed{\boxed{(a)\:\: PCl_3}}}$

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$\bf\small\bold{\underline{\underline{Step-By-Step\:Explanation:-}}}$

$\bf\bold{PCl_3}$

HYBRIDIZATION— 1/2 ×( 5 +3) = 4 =Sp3

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

$\bf\bold{SO_3}$

HYBRIDIZATION — 1/2 ×(6) = 3 = Sp2

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

$\bf\bold{BF_3}$

HYBRIDIZATION — 1/2 × (3 +3) = 3 = Sp2

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

$\bf\bold{NO_3}$

HYBRIDIZATION — 3 = Sp2( no trick is valid here)

$\rule{200}{4}$

TRICK-

HYBRIDIZATION

= 1/2 × (No. Of electrons in last shell of central atom + No. Of more electronegative atoms)

More electronegative atom = F, Cl, Br, I, H etc

$\rule{200}{4}$

NOTE - not valid all time until it is fully divisible..

Like in last case

HYBRIDIZATION - 1/2 × (5) = ××

$\rule{200}{4}$

HYBRIDIZATION is defined as the mixing of the atomic orbitals belonging to the same atom but having slightly different energies so that the same no. of new orbitals are formed which have equivalent energy and identical shapes. These new orbitals are called as hybrid orbitals.