The Chief Officer appointed by Shivaji Maharaj
to look after conquered territories -
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Life
Sivaji was born in 1627 in the hill fort of Shivner near Junnar. His father was Shahji Bhonsala and mother was Jijabai. In 1632 Shahaji had entered into the service of Bijapur state and left for his new jagir with his second wife.
He assigned the jagir of Poona to his son and wife and left able Brahmin named Dadaji Khondev to look after them. Jijabai was a lady of extraordinarily talent and brought up her son with great care and affection.
While Jija Bai built up the character of Sivaji by filling her son’s mind with the stores of the renowned heroes and warriors of Ramayana and Mahabharata, Dadaji Kondo Dev trained him in the art of fighting and administration. Like Akbar, Sivaji did not receive formal education, but he developed strong determination, courage, and firm faith towards his religion.
Rama Das, his spiritual preceptor and guide, instilled into him a deep love of Hindu religion and entrusted him with the duty of protesting the Hindu religion. At the age of twelve he had been entrusted with the management of the jagir at Poona. He married Saibai Nimbalkar in or about 1640. The influence of heredity, education, temperament and environment had great impact on him and encouraged him to choose a career of independence. Maval country became the main centre of his activities.
His Early Conquests:
The serious illness of the Sultan of Bijapur in 1646 and the consequent disorders in his kingdom gave Sivaji much desired opportunity and he captured the fort of Torna in the same year, twenty miles South West of Poona. He then raided the fort of Raigarh, five miles east of Torna.
In 1657 Dadaji Kondadeva died and Sivaji became the virtual master of his father’s western jagirs. He captured the forts of Chakan, Kondana, Singarh and Purandhar and secured his jagir in the south. The Sultan of Bijapur was roused from his slumber because of the military activities of Sivaji and put his father under arrest. For this reason Sivaji suspended his military raids and opened negotiation with prince Murad, the Mughal Viceroy of Deccan and also expressed his desire to join the imperial service.
However Mughal Emperor Shahjahan turned deaf to his appeal. In 1649 the Sultan of Bijapur released his father on the condition of Sivaji’s good behaviour. In 1656 Sivaji conquered Javali by murdering its ruler Chandra Rao who was on the side of Bijapur. He considerably increased his area secured from Torna and Javali.
His conflict with Mughals:
In November 1656, Adil Shah died and the problem of succession provided an opportunity for Mughal intervention. Prince Aurangzeb advanced against Bijapur. This provided a good opportunity for Sivaji and he raided the Mughal territory of Ahmednagar and Junnar. Sultan of Bijapur made peace with the Mughals. Though Aurangzeb sent a contingent troops against Sivaji but could not take further steps against him as he left for North on hearing of Shahjahan’s illness to take part in the war of succession.
Sivaji and Afzal Khan:
The increasing power of Shivaji was a threat to the Sultan of Bijapur. But after the death of Adil Shah, the control over government passed into the hands of Queen Dowager, Bari Saheba. In 1659 she sent Afzal Khan at the head of ten thousand, soldiers “to bring back Sivaji dead or alive”. Afzal Khan was confident that he would capture Sivaji without firing a shot.
He raised war marching through Pandhapur. However on marching the hilly country, he realised the folly of his hasty action. Sivaji was at Pratapgarh which was his military stronghold. He resorted to diplomacy and sent a Brahman officer, Krishnaji Bhaskar with a letter for Sivaji which he promised the grant of forts and districts seized by him and the conferment of titles as a mark of honour.
Answer:
who looked after the conquered territories