Question

the cholas set up a highly efficient system of local administartion. State reasons.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

From Uraiyur to Thanjavur

• Vijayalaya, one of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the Kaveri delta which was under control of the Muttaraiyar (subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram), in the middle of 9th century. He built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudeni there.
• His successors extended the empire and included the regions under the Pallavas and the Pandyas too.
• Rajaraja Chola is considered the greatest Chola ruler and ascended the throne in 985 CE and reorganised the administration.
• Rajaraja's son Rajendra I continued his father's policies and extended his empire up to the Ganga valley, Sri Lanka and south-east Asia.

Splendid Temples and Bronze Sculpture

• The splendid temples at Thanjavur and Gangaikondalcholapuram built by Rajaraja and Rajendra I are architectural marvels of medieval India.
• The temples under the Cholas were the nuclie of the villages, the centre of crafts and were well endowed with land from the king and other rich people.
• The produce of the land helped maintain the people working in the temple such as priest, garland-makers, sweepers, cooks etc

Agriculture and Irrigation

• The Kaveri breaks into many channels before emptying itself in the Bay of Bengal. These branches were flooded by rains and deposited fertile soil on the banks which in turn helped the agriculture in this region.
• By the 5th and 6th century large scale cultivation started in the Kaveri valley as forests were cleared and levelled for creating more cultivable land.
• In the delta region embankments were built to prevent flooding and canals were constrcuted to carry water to the fields.
• Artificial irrigation took place with the construction of wells and water tanks

The Administration of the Empire

• Peasant settlements known as ur became prosperous with the advent of artificial irrigation.
• Groups of such villages formed a group called nadu and with the village council they administered the villages by collecting tax and maintaining justice.
• Rich peasants of the Vellala dynasty controlled the functioning of the nadus under the watchful eye of the Chola emperor.

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