Question

The classical experiments on vernalization were conducted on(1) Hyoscyamus
(2) Nicotiana
(3) Triticum
(4) Hordeum

Answer 1

Vernalization (from Latin vernus, "of the spring") is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower, but they may require additional seasonal cues or weeks of growth before they will actually flower. Vernalization is sometimes used to refer to herbal (non-woody) plants requiring a cold dormancy to produce new shoots and leaves[1] but this usage is discouraged.[2]