Question

The correct order of relative stability of +1 oxidation state is
Ga<In<Tl
Ga<Tl<In
Tl<In<Ga
In<Ga<Tl
​

Answer 1

The +1 oxidation state increases in the order Ga<In<Tl

What is the oxidation state?

The oxidation state shows the tendency of specie to lose or gain electrons. Elements with +1 oxidation state who the tendency to donate electrons. For example in the bond of sodium chloride. Na+ shares its electron with Cl- to complete chloride's valance electrons in the outermost shell and form NaCl.

Why the relative stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group?

• It happens due to the weakened shielding ability of the f and d orbital electrons.

• This results in an increased nuclear attraction which causes the ns2 electrons to be bound more tightly.

• Hence, the stability increases.

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