Question

The correct order or radii of three species Ca, Ca⁺ and Ca²⁺ is: 

Ca⁺>Ca²⁺>Ca

Ca⁺>Ca>Ca²⁺

Ca> Ca⁺> Ca²⁺

Ca²⁺>Ca⁺>Ca

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Answer 1

Answer:

The Correct order of radii will be:

• Ca > Ca⁺ > Ca²⁺

Explanation:

Given:-

• Three species Ca, Ca⁺ and Ca²⁺

To find:-

• The correct order of radii of given species

Knowledge required:-

Generally, The radius of an ion called ionic radii is inversely proportional to the positive charge of the ion and is directly proportional to the negative charge of the ion.

• ionic radii ∝ (-ve) charge
• ionic radii ∝ 1/(+ve) charge

That means ionic radii increases on increasing the negative charge and ionic radii decreases on increasing the positive charge.

The reason behind this trend is that

• When the charge on the ion is positive (+ve) then it will lose its electron(s) to attain stability. Since electrons in the atom will decrease so the nucleus will attract the remaining electrons with a larger force leading an increase in effective nuclear charge and decrease in the radii of the atom.  

• Similarly, When the charge on the ion is negative (-ve) then it will gain electron(s) to attain stability. Due to the increase in the number of electrons, the effective nuclear charge will decrease and the radii of the atom will increase.

       

In other words, we can say that

• Ionic radii are inversely proportional to the effective nuclear charge.

Solution:-

The given three species are: Ca, Ca⁺ and Ca²⁺

These three species have a positive charge.

Since the Ionic radius is inversely proportional to the positive charge, therefore the greater the positive charge, the smaller will be the ionic radius.  

The increasing order of positive charge of three species is:

→ Ca < Ca⁺ < Ca²⁺

so, the correct decreasing order of ionic radii will be:

→ Ca > Ca⁺ > Ca²⁺

Hence, OPTION (c) is correct.