'The difference between the traditional or classical logic and symbolic logic is only that of different stages of development '- do you consider it to be true?
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SYMBOLIC LOGIC AND CLASSICAL LOGIC
Etymologically, logic is the science of logos. The Greek word logos means
thought. There are many thought –processes such as reasoning, remembering,
magining. Reasoning is a thought process in which inference takes place. Logic is the science of reasoning. The logician is not concerned with the actual
process of inference. The logician is concerned with the correctness of the
completed process of inference.
Inference is a thought process in which one proposition is arrived at on
the basis of other proposition or propositions. Corresponding to every inference,
there is an argument. An argument consists of a group of propositions in which
one proposition is claimed to follow from the other propositions providing
grounds for the proposition. An argument consists of premises and conclusion.
The proposition arrived at is called the conclusion. The proposition or
propositions on the basis of which the conclusion is arrived at is called premise
or premises. Thus every argument has a structure.
Premises and conclusion are true or false. Argument is valid or invalid.
Truth or falsity and validity or invalidity are to be distinguished.
Logic is the science of correct or good or valid reasoning. Logic is the study
of the methods and principles used to distinguish between valid and invalid
arguments. Every scientist has to see that his reasoning is in accordance with
valid argument pattern. Such knowledge is provided by logic. The traditional
logicians have regarded logic as the science of sciences. In order to study the validity of reasoning or argument, the various forms
of reasoning has to be determined, because validity depends on form of
argument. The distinction between form and matter of an argument is to be
understood. The matter of an argument is the subject-matter of with which the
argument deals. The pattern or structure of the argument is the form of the
argument. The form of the argument is determined by the manner in which it’s
parts are related. Use of symbols reveals the form of arguments.
In the history of logic, Classical logic and Symbolic logic are two important
stages of development. Classical logic is also called Aristotelian logic or Ancient
logic/Traditional logic, in contrast to Symbolic logic or Mathematical logic or
Modern logic.
Arguments presented in English or any other natural language are often
difficult to appraise because of the vague and equivocal nature of words used, the
ambiguity of their construction, the misleading idioms they may contain. To
avoid those peripheral difficulties, it is convenient to set up an artificial symbolic
language, free from such defects, in which statements and arguments can be