The different components of router architecture in compurt networking
Answers
Routing Architecture
A network router is a network device with interfaces multiple networks whose task is to copy packets from one network to another based on the routing tables stored in the memory. Router will typically utilize one or more routing protocols, such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP. Routers also accept routes which are configured manually by a network administrator. Those routes are called static routes. The router will use this information to create a routing table. The network router will then use its routing table to make intelligent decisions about which packets to copy to which of its interfaces. This process is known as routing.
Router has four components: input ports, output ports, the routing processor and the switching fabric.
a) Input port performs the physical and data link layer functions of the router. The bits are constructed from the received signal, packet is de-capsulated from the frame, errors are detected and corrected. The packet is ready to be forwarded by the network layer. Input ports has buffers (queues) to hold the packets before they are directed to the switching fabric.
b) An output port performs the same function as the input port, but in the reverse order.
c) Routing Processor: The destination address is used to find the address of the next hop. Routing processor searches routing tables.
d) Switching Fabrics: It moves the packet from the input queue to the output queue. In the past, memory of the computer or a bus was used as the switching fabric. The simplest type of switching fabric is the crossbar switch which connects n inputs to n outputs in a grid, using electronics micro-switches at each cross point.