The earliest factories in England came up by the 1730’s . But it was only in the late 18th century that the number of factories multiplied. The first symbol of the new era was cotton. Its production boomed in the late 19th century .In 1760 Britain was importing 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton to feed its cotton industry. By 1787 this import soared to 22 million pounds. This increase was linked to a number of changes within the process of production. A series of inventions in the 18th century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process ( carding ,twisting and spinning ,and rolling). They enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more , and they made possible the production of stronger threads and yarn. Then Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill .Till this time cloth production was spread all over the country side and carried out within village households. But now the costly new machines could be purchased, set up and maintained in the mill. Within the mill all the processes were brought together under one roof and management. This allowed a more careful supervision over the production process, a watch over quality and the regulation of labour, all of which had been difficult to do when the production was in the country side.
1 . Where and when did the earliest factories come up?
2. Why in the mill , all the processes were brought together under one roof and management?
3. Name the person who created the cotton mill in England.
4. How did series of inventions in the 18th century increase the efficacy of production process?
5. Mention the steps involved in the production process of cotton during 18th century England.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1. 1730
2. Within the mills, all the processes were brought together under one roof and managed. This allowed a more careful supervision over the production process, a watch over quality and the regulation of labour, all of which had been difficult to do when the production was in the countryside.
3. Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill
4. A series of inventions in the eighteenth century increased the efficacy of each step of the production process (carding,twisting,and spinning, and rolling). They enhanced the output per worker, enabling each worker to produce more and they made possible the production of stronger threads and yarn
5. A worker spinning cotton at a hand-powered spinning wheel in the 18th century would take more than 50,000 hours to spin 100 lb of cotton; by the 1790s, the same quantity could be spun in 300 hours by mule, and with a self-acting mule it could be spun by one worker in just 135 hours.