The electrons are distributed around the nucleus in various energy level called shells, subshells and orbitals. A set of quantum numbers completely describe the position and total energy of electron in an atom. The various permitted values of quantum numbers are
Principal, n = 1,2,3,4 .......... Azimuthal, l = 0, 1, 2............ (n-1) Magnetic, ml = -l....... 0 .........+l Spin, ms = +1/2 and – 1⁄2
1. What is the value of n that allows g subshell?
2. Is the following set of quantum numbers possible or not?
n = 3, l = 2, m = 0, s = -1/2
3. How many orbitals are possible for n = 3 energy level?
4. How many electrons are possible in all the subshell with n+l = 4?
Answers
Answer:
The goal of this section is to understand the electron orbitals (location of electrons in atoms), their different energies, and other properties. The use of quantum theory provides the best understanding to these topics. This knowledge is a precursor to chemical bonding.
As was described previously, electrons in atoms can exist only on discrete energy levels but not between them. It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized, that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
Answer:
Explanation:
The goal of this section is to understand the electron orbitals (location of electrons in atoms), their different energies, and other properties. The use of quantum theory provides the best understanding to these topics. This knowledge is a precursor to chemical bonding.
As was described previously, electrons in atoms can exist only on discrete energy levels but not between them. It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized, that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
The energy levels are labeled with an n value, where n = 1, 2, 3, …. Generally speaking, the energy of an electron in an atom is greater for greater values of n. This number, n, is referred to as the principal quantum number. The principal quantum number defines the location of the energy level. It is essentially the same concept as the n in the Bohr atom description. Another name for the principal quantum number is the shell number. The shells of an atom can be thought of concentric circles radiating out from the nucleus. The electrons that belong to a specific shell are most likely to be found within the corresponding circular area. The further we proceed from the nucleus, the higher the shell number, and so the higher the energy level (Figure 2.2.1). The positively charged protons in the nucleus stabilize the electronic orbitals by electrostatic attraction between the positive charges of the protons and the negative charges of the electrons. So the further away the electron is from the nucleus, the greater the energy it has.