The elements of writing "Argument" has how many types and which are?
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Explanation:
THE ESSENTIALS OF ARGUMENT
Argument: Argument concerns itself with neither fact nor taste, but with that vast
middle territory of statements that are more or less probable. ... An
arguable statement can evoke degrees of adherence, and its grounds of
support do not depend on the individual who holds them. ... [E]ven the
side that wins [an] argument has not established a truth, only a probable
wisdom of a particular choice.
Every argument has four essential elements:
1. A thesis statement, a claim, a proposition to be supported, which deals with
a matter of probability, not a fact or a matter of opinion.
2. An audience to be convinced of the thesis statement.
3. Exigence: the need to make an argument at a certain time, in a
circumstance, or for a purpose.
4. Grounds, reasons, or, as they are sometimes formally called, premises that
support the thesis.
Thesis Statement: Every argument, no matter how complicated, has a single,
overriding thesis. That thesis may be qualified, elaborated, complicated, or hedged all
around, yet the arguer must always be able to answer the "What is your point?"... [A]ll
arguments can be summed upon a single statement that the whole discourse is
designed to support… Whether the unit of argument is a paragraph or a book, that
basic element, the thesis statement, must be discoverable.
Audience: An argument needs a human audience to convince. … The particular
audience of an argument influences how you argue--coolly or with passion, tentatively
or with strong conviction, elliptically or in great detail. … Thus, different audiences
require significant differences in the support, organization, and working of your
argument.
Exigence: In order for a real argument to occur there must be some forum and
occasion, like a town meeting, some push in the time and circumstances and some
purpose for making claims and supporting them. The combination of all these factors
has been called the exigence. ... To compensate for [the often] inherent disconnection
from its audience, a written argument must frequently create its own exigence.
Support: also called premise(s). Support is the reason(s) for an audience to be
convinced of the thesis statement. You should follow the thesis with at least one
reason or "because" statement. You may make much longer arguments by introducing
more supporting statements for the thesis or by supporting the supporting statements
themselves, but at least one premise, one statement that gives the audience a reason
to adhere to the thesis, is necessary.
An unspoken premise is called an "assumption." Assumptions are common
ground, shared preconceptions and beliefs of arguer and audiences.