The following questions are based on the synthesis of hydrogen from coke and steam.
Answer the following:
i. The name of the process,
ii. Write the balanced chemical equations for the reactions with all necessary conditions,
iii. Name the solution used to separate unreacted carbon monoxide from Hydrogen produced in the
process.
Answers
Answer:
A great many common reactions are exothermic. The formation of compounds from the constituent elements is almost always exothermic. Formation of water from molecular hydrogen and oxygen and the formation of a metal oxide such as calcium oxide (CaO) from calcium metal and oxygen gas are examples. Among widely recognizable exothermic reactions is the combustion of fuels (such as the reaction of methane with oxygen mentioned previously).
The formation of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) when water is added to lime (CaO) is exothermic.
CaO(s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2(s)
This reaction occurs when water is added to dry portland cement to make concrete, and heat evolution of energy as heat is evident because the mixture becomes warm.
Not all reactions are exothermic (or exoergic). A few compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrazine (N2H4), require energy input when they are formed from the elements. The decomposition of limestone (CaCO3) to make lime (CaO) is also an endothermic process; it is necessary to heat limestone to a high temperature for this reaction to occur.
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
The decomposition of water into its elements by the process of electrolysis is another endoergic process. Electrical energy is used rather than heat energy to carry out this reaction.
2 H2O(g) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
Generally, evolution of heat in a reaction favours the conversion of reactants to products. However, entropy is important in determining the favourability of a reaction. Entropy is a measure of the number of ways in which energy can be distributed in any system. Entropy accounts for the fact that not all energy available in a process can be manipulated to do work.
A chemical reaction will favour the formation of products if the sum of the changes in entropy for the reaction system and its surroundings is positive. An example is burning wood. Wood has a low entropy. When wood burns, it produces ash as well as the high-entropy substances carbon dioxide gas and water vapour. The entropy of the reacting system increases during combustion. Just as important, the heat energy transferred by the combustion to its surroundings increases the entropy in the surroundings. The total of entropy changes for the substances in the reaction and the surroundings is positive, and the reaction is product-favoured.
Explanation:
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