Question

The force is applied to a hammer when the carpenter drove a stubborn nail into the wall what kind of work is this?

Answer 1

Explanation:

There's many different things at work here.

First, there's the issue of acceleration. Hammers are very hard and solid, so when you hit the nail head with the hammer, the energy and force of the blow is delivered at almost an instant. Hands, on the other hand, are rather soft, and will spread out the same amount of energy and acceleration over a longer time period, resulting in a lower force applied on the piece of wood. Different woods have different resistance to pressure, so it's still rather easy to push a nail through a sheet of balsa wood, for example, while it's much harder to push it through a sheet of oak.

Second, the hammerhead actually accumulates a lot of energy in the duration of the swing, stored as kinetic energy in the head. That's why hammerheads are heavy (and the higher force you need, the heavier the head) - it allows you to store more kinetic energy with the same velocity of the head. The maximum velocity your muscles are capable of is a lot more limited than the amount of energy they can deliver, when considering something as tiny as a nail.

Third, hammers work as an additional lever, allowing you to deliver more force as a trade-off with time. This works in tandem with the second point - a longer swing can give you more impact force. This also helps the hammerhead reach higher speeds than you would have while holding the head directly, as opposed to holding the shaft.

Fourth, you're simply not going to hit as hard with your bare fist. Your body has built-in safety mechanisms that try rather hard to prevent injury, and you can hurt yourself quite a bit by hitting a nail head-on. Note that it's quite easy to drive nails just by using a wooden board pressed straight against your hand and hitting the nail - this spreads out the force of the blow over your hand, preventing pain and injury and allowing you to hit harder.

Finally, raw force is probably the dominant factor here. Pushing allows you to use the full strength of your muscle, which is probably somewhere around your weight (with a rather large spread). On the other hand, hitting allows you to accumulate the strength of your muscles over the duration of the swing, allowing you to impart much bigger forces than would be possible with just pushing. Try driving nails just by pushing the hammer, and you'll see the difference rather easily - the only benefit you'll get from using a hammer is that you're not going to feel as much pain as when pushing against the much smaller nail head.

Answer 2

The issue of acceleration comes first. Since hammers are quite solid and hard, the force and energy of the blow are delivered practically instantly when you strike the nail head with one.

• Conversely, because hands are relatively soft, they will disperse the same amount of energy and acceleration across a wider area, applying less force to the piece of wood.
• It is still quite simple to drive a nail through a sheet of balsa wood, for example, but much more difficult to drive a nail through a sheet of oak due to the varied pressure resistance of different types of wood.
• Second, the hammerhead stores a significant amount of kinetic energy in its head during the swing.
• To store more kinetic energy at the same speed as the head, hammerheads are heavy (and the higher the force required, the heavier the head).
• When examining something as small as a nail, the maximum velocity your muscles are capable of is much more constrained than the quantity of energy they can give.
• Finally, hammers function as an extra lever that, in exchange for more time, lets you exert more force.
• A longer swing might result in increased impact force, which goes hand in hand with the second point. Moreover, grasping the shaft rather than the head directly allows the hammerhead to travel at a faster rate.
• Fourth, using just your bare fist will not allow you to strike as forcefully.
• Even though your body contains safety features that work rather hard to keep you from getting wounded, hitting a nail head-on can cause significant damage to your body.
• You may drive nails rather easily by pressing a wooden board firmly against your hand and striking the nail; this will distribute the force of the blow over your hand, preventing pain and injury and allowing you to strike more forcefully.
• Last but not least, brute force is perhaps the key element here. Pushing enables you to utilize your muscle's maximum strength, which is likely equivalent to your weight (with a rather large spread).
• On the other side, hitting enables you to build up muscle power throughout the swing, enabling you to exert far greater forces than with just pushing.
• The main advantage of using a hammer is that you won't experience as much agony as when pushing against the much smaller nail head. Try driving nails simply by pushing the hammer, and you'll notice the difference very quickly.

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