Question

The formation of any kind of soil is contingent upon several factors. Mention any four.

Answer 1

Answer:

• Parent Material: It is deposited by streams or derived from in-situ weathering. In this stage, soil inherits many properties like the mineral composition, the colour, the particle size and the chemical elements. For example- Black soil derived its colour from lava rock.

• Climate: It is one of the important factors in the formation of soil because it affects the rate of weathering of the parent rock.
• Role of precipitation: The variability in the precipitation modified the composition of the soil. For Example- Areas with little rainfall with high rate of evaporation led to the accumulation of salts in the soil. The soils underlying tropical rain forests tend to be nutrient-poor because of intensive leaching due to heavy rains.

• Role of temperature: It is also play important role because fluctuations in temperature causes shrinking and swelling, frost action and general weathering in soils.

Extra point

Topography (Relief, Altitude and Slope): It is considered as passive factor to modifying the effects of climate because it affects soil processes, soil distribution and the type of vegetation.

Time: The formation of the soil is not one day process but requires many years to form. Younger soils have some characteristics from their parent material, but as they age, the addition of organic matter, exposure to moisture and other environmental factors may change its features.

You can mark your points from this. Hope this helps you.

Answer 2

Answer:

(a) Parent rock (b) Climate (C) The physical feature (d) Time.

Explanation:

(1) Parent rock - The parent rock type, especially in term of class the mineral and chemical

of the rock.

(2) Climate = Climate, particularly temperature and the amount and kind of rainfall.

(3) The Physical Feature = The physical feature of a region, especially the presence of rivers, slope of land and coastal location, affect the soil and it's drainage.

(4) Time = The length of time, taken in formation determine if the soil is well developed or not.