Question

the formation of caves arches stacks and stumps

Answer 1

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Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland.

• Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave. Hydraulic action is the predominant process.
• If the cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to the other side forming an arch.
• The arch will gradually become bigger until it can no longer support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock) on the other.
• The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump.
• Erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland.

$\mathfrak\red{hope \: it \: helps...}$

Answer 2

➜Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland. Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face.

➜ The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually collapse to form a stump.